Porous material and preparation methods thereof, and anodes and devices including the same

A method for preparing a porous material comprising a material of formula SiaMbOx, wherein the ratio of x to a is about 0.6 to about 1.5, and the ratio of a to b is about 8 to about 10,000, wherein M comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, P, Mg, Ti and Zr, wherein said method comprises:

• step 1:
• mixing a silicon source with an organic template to obtain a first solution;
• step 2:
• mixing a doping element precursor with deionized water to obtain a second solution, and adding the second solution dropwise to the first solution to obtain a third solution;
• step 3:
• placing the third solution in a reaction vessel for a hydrothermal reaction for 1-5 days, and drying and calcining a hydrothermal reaction product;
• step 4:
• mixing a calcined product of step 3 with magnesium powder, and calcining the mixture under an inert atmosphere;
• and
• step 5:
• performing acid-washing, water-washing, vacuum-drying and sieving on a calcined product of step 4 to obtain SiaMbOx,
• wherein the masses of the silicon source, the doping element precursor and the magnesium powder are selected to meet a suitable base stoichiometric ratio of the SiaMbOx, and wherein the mass of the organic template is selected to meet a suitable particle size range and pore size range of the SiaMbOx.