Compositions and methods for regulating glucose homeostasis and insulin action

A method for improving a blood lipid profile, improving leanness, regulating glucose homeostasis, or treating a disease, disorder, or condition, wherein the disease, disorder or condition is Parkinson's disease, aging, heart failure, traumatic brain injury, stroke, type II diabetes, or neurodegeneration, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, optionally at least one additional therapeutic agent, and an effective amount of at least one compound having a structure of Formula I or Formula II:

• or active analogs or derivatives thereof,
• wherein R1-R10 are all independently optional, and are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxy, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, amino, amide, thiol, sulfone, sulfoxide, oxo, oxy, nitro, carbonyl, carboxy, amino acid sidechain, and amino acid, wherein each group can be optionally substituted, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, or
• or active analogs and derivatives thereof,
• wherein R1-R2 are independently optional, and are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxy, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, amino, amide, thiol, sulfone, sulfoxide, oxo, oxy, nitro, carbonyl, carboxy, amino acid sidechain, and amino acid, wherein each group can be optionally substituted, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof,
• thereby treating a disease, disorder, or condition.