# US 2020/0347283 A1 · Refrigerating oil for refrigerant or refrigerant composition, method for using refrigerating oil, and use of refrigerating oil

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- Number: US 2020/0347283 A1
- Document ID: US20200347283A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/911,816
- Filed: 2020-06-25
- Published: 2020-11-05
- Earliest claimed: 2017-12-18
- Assignees: Daikin Industries, Ltd.
- Applicants: Daikin Industries, Ltd.
- Inventors: Mitsushi ITANO; Daisuke KARUBE; Yuuki YOTSUMOTO; Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI; Yuzo KOMATSU; Shun OHKUBO; Tatsuya TAKAKUWA; Tetsushi TSUDA; Takeo ABE; Yumi TODA
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20200347283A1

## CPC

- C09K 5/045: {containing only fluorine as halogen}
- C09K 2205/122: Halogenated hydrocarbons
- C09K 2205/126: Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
- C09K 2205/22: All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
- C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE

## Abstract

There are provided a refrigerating oil for refrigerant compositions in which good lubricity can be achieved when a refrigeration cycle is performed using a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a method for using the refrigerating oil, and use of the refrigerating oil. The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition contains a refrigerant containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

## Claims

### Claim 1

A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition comprising a refrigerant,
wherein the refrigerant is any one of refrigerants below:
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf);
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant and comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant and comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant;
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, z, and a respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are defined as follows in a ternary diagram in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is (100−a) mass %:
when 0<a≤11.1, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that each connect two of six points below or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C):
point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
when 11.1<a≤18.2, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W):
point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
when 18.2<a≤26.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W):
point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
when 26.7<a≤36.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W):
point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), and
when 36.7<a≤46.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W):
point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0);
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, z, and a respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are defined as follows in a ternary diagram in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is (100−a) mass %:
when 0<a≤11.1, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (except for on point J, point B, point D′, and point C):
point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
when 11.1<a≤18.2, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that each connect two of four points below or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (except for on point J, point B, and point W):
point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
when 18.2<a≤26.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that each connect two of four points below or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (except for on point J, point B, and point W):
point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
when 26.7<a≤36.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (except for on point J, point B, and point W):
point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), and
when 36.7<a≤46.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (except for on point J, point B, and point W):
point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0);
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments U, JN, NE, and EI that each connect two of four points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment EI) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0),
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7), and
the line segments JN and EI are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments MM′, MN, NV, VG; and GM that each connect two of five points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4),
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02),
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4), and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that each connect two of three points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488),
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365), and
the line segment UO is a straight line;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that each connect two of five points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235),
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874),
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512),
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324), and
the line segment TL is a straight line;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9),
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874), and
the line segment TP is a straight line;
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that each connect two of six points below or on the line segments (except for points on the line segments B′H and GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments U, JR, RG, and GI that each connect two of four points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that each connect two of six points below or on the line segments (except for points on the line segments B′H and GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z)
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that each connect two of four points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and
the line segment PS is a straight line; and
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments QB′, B′D, DU, and UQ that each connect two of four points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment B′D) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B′ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),
the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
the line segments QB′ and B′D are straight lines.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to claim 1,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 1 mm2/s or more and 750 mm2/s or less.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to claim 1,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1 mm2/s or more and 100 mm2/s or less.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to claim 1,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a volume resistivity at 25° C. of 1.0×1012 Ω·cm or more.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to claim 1,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1 mgKOH/g or less.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to claim 1,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100 ppm or less.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to claim 1,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an aniline point of −100° C. or higher and 0° C. or lower.

### Claim 8

A method for using a refrigerating oil together with a refrigerant composition comprising a refrigerant,
wherein the refrigerant is any one of refrigerants below:
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf);
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant and comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant and comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant;
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, z, and a respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are defined as follows in a ternary diagram in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is (100−a) mass %:
when 0<a≤11.1, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that each connect two of six points below or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C):
point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
when 11.1<a≤18.2, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W):
point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
when 18.2<a≤26.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W):
point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
when 26.7<a≤36.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W):
point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), and
when 36.7<a≤46.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W):
point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0);
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, z, and a respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are defined as follows in a ternary diagram in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is (100−a) mass %:
when 0<a≤11.1, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (except for on point J, point B, point D′, and point C):
point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
when 11.1<a≤18.2, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that each connect two of four points below or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (except for on point J, point B, and point W):
point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
when 18.2<a≤26.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that each connect two of four points below or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (except for on point J, point B, and point W):
point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
when 26.7<a≤36.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (except for on point J, point B, and point W):
point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), and
when 36.7<a≤46.7, the coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (except for on point J, point B, and point W):
point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0);
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments U, JN, NE, and EI that each connect two of four points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment EI) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0),
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7), and
the line segments JN and EI are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG; and GM that each connect two of five points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4),
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02),
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4), and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that each connect two of three points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488),
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365), and
the line segment UO is a straight line;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that each connect two of five points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235),
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874),
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512),
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324), and
the line segment TL is a straight line;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9),
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874), and
the line segment TP is a straight line;
a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that each connect two of six points below or on the line segments (except for points on the line segments B′H and GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments U, JR, RG, and GI that each connect two of four points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that each connect two of six points below or on the line segments (except for points on the line segments B′H and GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z) the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that each connect two of four points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines;
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and
the line segment PS is a straight line; and
a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x,y,z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments QB′, B′D, DU, and UQ that each connect two of four points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment B′D) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B′ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),
the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
the line segments QB′ and B′D are straight lines.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 1 mm2/s or more and 750 mm2/s or less.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1 mm2/s or more and 100 mm2/s or less.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a volume resistivity at 25° C. of 1.0×1012 Ω·cm or more.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1 mgKOH/g or less.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100 ppm or less.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an aniline point of −100° C. or higher and 0° C. or lower.

### Claim at position 15

15-21. (canceled)