Image forming apparatus and process cartridge including a photoreceptor having polytetraflouroethylene particles

An image forming apparatus comprising:

• a toner image forming device that includes a photoreceptor,
• wherein the photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a dispersant containing fluorine atoms and has a perfluorooctanoic acid content of 25 ppb or less relative to the polytetrafluoroethylene particles;
• and
• a transfer device comprising:
• an intermediate transfer body having a surface;
• a first transfer device configured to perform a first transfer comprising transferring a toner image on the surface of the photoreceptor onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body;
• and
• a second transfer device configured to perform a second transfer comprising transferring the toner image on the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium, the second transfer device having a second transfer member having a surface with a hexadecane contact angle of 30 degrees or more,
• wherein the surface of the second transfer member is formed of a resin layer containing polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a dispersant containing fluorine atoms, and
• wherein an area ratio at which the polytetrafluoroethylene particles are exposed in the surface of the second transfer member is 20% or more and 80% or less.

An image forming apparatus comprising:

• a toner image forming device that includes a photoreceptor,
• wherein the photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a dispersant containing fluorine atoms and has a perfluorooctanoic acid content of 25 ppb or less relative to the polytetrafluoroethylene particles;
• and
• a transfer device comprising:
• an intermediate transfer body having a surface;
• a first transfer device configured to perform a first transfer comprising transferring a toner image on the surface of the photoreceptor onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body;
• and
• a second transfer device configured to perform a second transfer comprising transferring the toner image on the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium, the second transfer device having a second transfer member having a surface with a hexadecane contact angle of 30 degrees or more,
• wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene particles contained in the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor have an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm or more and 4.5 μm or less.

An image forming apparatus comprising:

• a toner image forming device that includes a photoreceptor,
• wherein the photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a dispersant containing fluorine atoms and has a perfluorooctanoic acid content of 25 ppb or less relative to the polytetrafluoroethylene particles;
• and
• a transfer device comprising:
• an intermediate transfer body having a surface;
• a first transfer device configured to perform a first transfer comprising transferring a toner image on the surface of the photoreceptor onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body;
• and
• a second transfer device configured to perform a second transfer comprising transferring the toner image on the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium, the second transfer device having a second transfer member having a surface with a hexadecane contact angle of 30 degrees or more,
• wherein the dispersant containing fluorine atoms and contained in the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor is a polymer obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization of a polymerizable compound having a fluorinated alkyl group.

A process cartridge detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge comprising:

• a toner image forming device that includes a photoreceptor,
• wherein the photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a dispersant containing fluorine atoms and has a perfluorooctanoic acid content of 25 ppb or less relative to the polytetrafluoroethylene particles;
• and
• a transfer device comprising:
• an intermediate transfer body;
• a first transfer device configured to perform a first comprising transferring a toner image on the surface of the photoreceptor onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body;
• and
• a second transfer device configured to perform a second transfer comprising transferring the toner image on the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium, the second transfer device having a second transfer member having a surface with a hexadecane contact angle of 30 degrees or more,
• wherein the surface of the second transfer member is formed of a resin layer containing polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a dispersant containing fluorine atoms, and
• wherein an area ratio at which the polytetrafluoroethylene particles are exposed in the surface of the second transfer member is 20% or more and 80% or less.