Using electromagnetic waves to remove near wellbore damages in a hydrocarbon reservoir

A method, comprising:

• positioning an antenna inside a wellbore in a location corresponding to a formation comprising near-wellbore damage, wherein the wellbore extends from a surface of a hydrocarbon reservoir into the hydrocarbon reservoir;
• determining an irradiation power level of an electromagnetic (EM) wave based on at least a volume of a treatment zone, a density of the formation in the treatment zone, a target temperature change, and a treatment duration;
• determining an energy density converted from the EM wave based on the following equation:
• w=σE2+ωϵ″E2
• where w represents the energy density converted from the EM wave, E represents a strength of an electric field of the EM wave, ω is a frequency of the EM wave, ϵ″ represents a dielectric loss of the formation in the treatment zone, and σ represents a conductivity of the formation in the treatment zone;
• determining a penetration depth of the treatment zone by the EM wave based on the following equation:
• D
• =
• 1
• ω
• 
• μ
• 0
• 
• ɛ
• ′
• 2
• 
• [
• 1
• +
• (
• ωɛ
• ″
• +
• σ
• ωɛ
• ′
• )
• 2
• -
• 1
• ]
• where D represents the penetration depth, μ0=4 π×10−7 H/m, ϵ represents a dielectric constant of the formation in the treatment zone;
• transmitting the EM wave to the antenna;
• irradiating, from the antenna, a portion of the EM wave with the determined irradiation power level, the determined energy density, and the determined penetration depth, at the formation;
• and
• removing the near-wellbore damage at the formation with the portion of the EM wave.