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US 2020/0270134 A1Published application
Identification and optimization of carbon radicals on hydrated graphene oxide for ubiquitous antibacterial coatings
AssigneesThe Regents of the University of California, Northwestern University
InventorsAndre E. Nel, Tian Xia, Ruibin Li, Mark C. Hersam, Nikhita D. Mansukhani, Linda Guiney
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
In various embodiments functionalized graphene oxide(s) are provided that demonstrate improved antimicrobial activity, where the graphene oxide(s) are functionalized to increase carbon radical (.C) density.
Claims30
1:
- A graphene oxide having improved antimicrobial activity, wherein said graphene oxide is a graphene oxide functionalized to increase carbon radical (.C) density.
2:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial activity of said graphene oxide is proportional to the carbon radical density.
3:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide shows increased lipid membrane binding and/or induction of lipid peroxidation as compared to unfunctionalized graphene oxide.
4:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide is hydrated.
5:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein:
- said graphene oxide shows a carbon radical content as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with an absorbance peak area greater than about 15×106, or about 20×106 or greater or about 30×106 or greater, or about 40×106 or greater or about 50×106 or greater;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide has an atomic % concentration of oxidized groups (C═O) on the graphene oxide surface of greater than about 11 or greater than about 12, or greater than about 12.6, or greater than about 15, or greater than about 16.3, or greater than about 20, or greater than about 25 as determined by XPS;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide has an atomic % concentration of oxidized groups (C═O) on the graphene oxide surface of about 12.6 or greater as determined by XPS;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide has an atomic % concentration of oxidized groups (C═O) on the graphene oxide surface of about 16.3 or greater as determined by XPS;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide has an atomic % concentration of oxidized groups (C—OH) on the graphene oxide surface of greater than about 5 or greater than about 8, or greater than about 9, or greater than about 13, or greater than about 15, or greater than about 20 as determined by XPS;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide has an atomic % concentration of oxidized groups (C—OH) on the graphene oxide surface of about 9.9 or greater as determined by XPS;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide has an atomic % concentration of oxidized groups (C—OH) on the graphene oxide surface of about 13.6 or greater as determined by XPS.
11 more elements
6-11. (canceled)
12:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein:
- said graphene oxide is effective to kill gram negative bacteria;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is effective to kill gram positive bacteria;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is effective to kill E. coli.
3 more elements
13-14. (canceled)
15:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein:
- said graphene oxide is attached to a solid surface;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is adsorbed to a solid surface;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is spin-coated on a solid surface;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is covalently attached to a solid surface;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is covalently attached to a solid surface via a linker;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is covalently attached to a solid surface via a carbodiimide linker.
9 more elements
16-20. (canceled)
21:
- The graphene oxide of claim 15, wherein said graphene oxide coats said surface in a coating ranging in thickness form about 1 nm, or from about 2 nm, or from about 3 nm, or from about 4 nm, or from about 5 nm, or from about 6 nm, or from about 7 nm up to about 100 nm, or up to about 75 nm, or up to about 50 nm, or up to about 40 nm, or up to about 30 nm, or up to about 25 nm.
22:
- The graphene oxide of claim 15, wherein:
- said graphene oxide is attached to a surface that comprises a glass surface, a plastic surface, or a metal surface;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is attached to a surface that comprises a surface of a catheter;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is attached to a surface of biological implant;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is attached to a surface that comprises a surface of a biological implant selected from the group consisting of a dental implant, an encapsulated implantable drug delivery system, an implanted canula, and an orthopedic implant;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is attached to a surface of an orthopedic implant;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is attached to a surface of an orthopedic implant selected from the group consisting of an artificial joint, a bone screw, and a bone nail;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is attached to a surface of an implant selected from the group consisting of an Austin-Moore prosthesis, Baksi's prosthesis, Charnley prosthesis, Condylar blade plate, Ender's nail, Grosse-Kempf (GK) nail, Harrington rod, Hartshill rectangle, Insall Burstein prosthesis, Richard N. W. Wohns interspinous implant, Kirschner wire, Kuntscher nail, Luque rod, Moore's pin, Neer's prosthesis, Rush nail, Smith Peterson (SP) nail, Smith Peterson nail with McLaughlin's plate, Seidel nail, Souter's prosthesis, Steffee plate, Steinmann pin, Swanson prosthesis, Talwalkar nail, and a Thompson prosthesis.
11 more elements
23-28. (canceled)
29:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein:
- said graphene oxide is in a solution or suspension or dispersion, or emulsion;
- or
- said graphene oxide is provided in a gel;
- or
- said graphene oxide is provided in a hydrogel.
3 more elements
30-31. (canceled)
32:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein:
- said graphene oxide is a component of a composite or nanocomposite;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a composite or nanocomposite selected from the group consisting of a metal composite or nanocomposite, metal oxide composite or nanocomposite, a polymer composite or nanocomposite, a quaternary phosphonium salt composite or nanocomposite, and a chelator composite or nanocomposite;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a composite or nanocomposite that comprises a metal;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a composite or nanocomposite that comprises a metal composite selected from group consisting of graphene oxide and silver, graphene oxide and copper, graphene oxide and gold, graphene oxide, and lanthanum;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a composite or nanocomposite that comprises a metal oxide;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a composite or nanocomposite that comprises a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO2, ZnO, Fe3O4, and SnO2;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a composite or nanocomposite that comprises a polymer;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a composite or nanocomposite that comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly-N-vinvl carbazole (PVK), chitosan, and PVK.
13 more elements
33-39. (canceled)
40:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide is additionally functionalized with polyethylenimine (PEI) and/or PEG, and/or PVA, and/or polydopamine.
41:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide is attached to fibers or to nanofibers.
42:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein:
- said graphene oxide is a component of a three-component nanohybrid;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a three-component nanohybrid that comprises a dimensional GO-Au@Ag nanohybrid;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a three-component nanohybrid that comprises a GO-poly(acrylic acid)-Ag nanohybrid;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a three-component nanohybrid that comprises a GO-polydopamine-Ag nanohybrid.
5 more elements
43-45. (canceled)
46:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein:
- said graphene oxide is a component of a tissue engineering scaffold;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a tissue engineering scaffold that comprises a protein or carbohydrate scaffold;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a tissue engineering scaffold that comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of collagen, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, fibrin, and gelatin;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a tissue engineering scaffold that comprises scaffold comprises a hyalomatrix composed of silicone and hyaluronic acid and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a tissue engineering scaffold that comprises a synthetic scaffold;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a tissue engineering scaffold that comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of glycolic acid derivatives, lactic acid derivatives, and other polyester derivatives;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a tissue engineering scaffold that comprises a copolymer of 1-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone;
- and/or
- said graphene oxide is a component of a tissue engineering scaffold that comprises a polyglycolic acid mesh coated with a copolymer of poly[epsilon-caprolactone-1-lactide].
12 more elements
47-53. (canceled)
54:
- The graphene oxide of claim 1, wherein:
- said graphene oxide is incorporated into a bandage and/or wound dressing;
- or
- said graphene oxide is incorporated into a water filter.
1 more element
(canceled)
56:
- A method of killing and/or inhibiting the growth and/or proliferation of a microorganism said method comprising contacting said microorganism, or a biofilm containing said microorganism with an effective amount of a graphene oxide of claim 1.
57:
- The method of claim 56, wherein said method comprises contacting said microorganism or biofilm with an article of manufacture wherein said graphene oxide is attached a surface comprising said article of manufacture.
58-83. (canceled)
84:
- The method of claim 56, wherein:
- said microorganism comprises one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of a fungus, a virus, a protozoan, and a bacterium;
- and/or
- said bacterium comprises a gram negative bacterium;
- and/or
- said bacterium comprises a gram positive bacterium;
- and/or
- said bacterium comprises a drug-resistant bacterium;
- and/or
- said bacterium comprises a drug-resistant bacterium selected from the group consisting of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter, Drug-Resistant Campylobacter, Fluconazole-Resistant Candida, Extended Spectrum Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Drug-Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella, Drug-Resistant Salmonella Serotype Typhi, Drug-Resistant Shigella, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), Drug-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae, and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis;
- and/or
- said bacterium is Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA);
- and/or
- said bacterium comprises a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii), Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Candida albicans (C. albicans), Clostridium difficile (C. difficile), Corynebacterium jeikeium (C. jeikeium), Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila), (Micrococcus luteus) M. luteus, Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis), Malassezia furfur (M. furfur), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Myxococcus xanthus (M. xanthus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa P. aeruginosa, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Progeussmirabilis (P. mirabilis), S. epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Treponema denticola (T. denticola), and Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum);
- and/or
- said bacterium comprises P. acnes.
13 more elements
85-91. (canceled)
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.