Graphene coated chamber and fluid processing

A method of processing a fluid, the method comprising:

• providing a chamber comprising:
• a body with at least one internal wall of a first material that defines an internal chamber that has at least one chamber inlet and at least one chamber outlet with the at least one internal wall between the at least one chamber inlet and the at least one chamber outlet;
• and
• at least one layer of a two-dimensional material on at least a portion of the at least one internal wall, wherein the at least one layer of the two dimensional material has at least one edge that protrudes from the at least one internal wall, wherein the first material is different from the two dimensional material;
• and
• flowing a fluid through the internal chamber.

A method of controlling a pathogen, the method comprising:

• providing a chamber comprising:
• a body with at least one internal wall of a first material that defines an internal chamber that has at least one chamber inlet and at least one chamber outlet with the at least one internal wall between the at least one chamber inlet and the at least one chamber outlet;
• and
• at least one layer of a two-dimensional material on at least a portion of the at least one internal wall, wherein the at least one layer of the two dimensional material has at least one edge that protrudes from the at least one internal wall, wherein the first material is different from the two dimensional material;
• and
• flowing a fluid having at least one pathogen through the internal chamber until the at least one pathogen is controlled.