Polyethylene-cnt-hydroxyapatite coated materials

2:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate is metallic.

3:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises elemental titanium, gold, cobalt, tantalum, chromium, nickel, and/or stainless steel.

4:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least 75 wt. % pure titanium or Ti6Al4V, based upon total substrate weight.

5:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate is pure titanium.

6:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the substrate is Ti6Al4V.

7:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises the carbon nanotubes in a range of from 1 to 2 wt. % and the hydroxyapatite in a range of from 2.5 to 3.5 wt. %.

8:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene in an amount of at least 97.5 wt. %, relative to all polymer content in the coating.

9:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene has a Mn of at least 1,000,000 g/mol.

10:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the coating has a thickness of at least 100 μm.

11:

• The article of claim 1, wherein at least 95 wt. % of the hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes, relative total weights thereof in the coating, are completely surrounded by the polymer matrix.

12:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the coating is configured to directly contact animal tissue in operation.

14:

• The article of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled.

15:

• The article of claim 1, having a Vickers hardness on a surface of the coating opposite the substrate of at least 8.

17:

• The method of claim 16, wherein the pretreating further comprises, after the contacting, heating the substrate to at least 140° C., to obtain the pretreated substrate.

18:

• The method of claim 17, further comprising, after the electrospraying:
• heating the coated substrate to at least 140° C.

19:

• A method for improving the wear resistance of a coated substrate, the method comprising coating a substrate with a mixture comprising at least 50 wt. % UHMWPE and between 0.25 and 2.75 wt. % carbon nanotubes and 0.25 to 4.75 wt. % hydroxyapatite, a remainder comprising polymer material.