Spin To Photon Transducer

A system comprising:

• a first structure configured to define at least two first quantum states in a first semiconducting layer and confine a first electron in or more of the at least two first quantum states, wherein the first structure comprises at least one magnetic field source configured to supply an inhomogeneous magnetic field to the first electron;
• a second structure configured to define at least two second quantum states in a second semiconducting layer and confine a second electron in or more of the at least two second quantum states;
• and
• a resonator disposed adjacent the first structure and the second structure, wherein tuning of an external magnetic field allows for a photon in the resonator to mediate coupling a first spin state of the first electron to a second spin state of the second electron.

A method comprising:

• confining a first electron with a first structure, wherein the first structure defines two quantum states in at least one semiconducting layer using one or more conducting layers;
• causing, based on an inhomogeneous magnetic field source, a first coupling of an electric charge state of the first electron and a first spin state of the first electron;
• causing, based on an electric-dipole interaction, a second coupling of an electric field of a photon in a resonator to an orbital state of the first electron;
• and
• causing, based on the first coupling and the second coupling, a coupling of the photon and the first spin state of the first electron.