Anti-inflammatory exosomes from inflamed cells or tissues

A method of producing anti-inflammatory exosomes capable of inhibiting inflammation in a subject diagnosed with an inflammatory disease or disorder, the exosomes produced by a process comprising:

• a) culturing animal cells or tissues in a suitable culture medium, for a time period sufficient for the culture medium to accumulate a useful concentration of anti-inflammatory exosomes, wherein the culture medium comprises an activating composition,
• (b) collecting the culture medium of (a), and
• (c) isolating anti-inflammatory exosomes from the culture medium collected in (b);
• wherein the activating composition comprises at least one of:
• (i) fluid extracted from inflamed tissue or other anatomical structure of a mammal diagnosed with the inflammatory disease or disorder,
• (ii) blood, plasma or serum from a subject diagnosed with the inflammatory disease or disorder,
• (iii) the fluid of (i) or (ii) further comprising at least one cytokine at a concentration sufficient to enhance the effectiveness of the activating composition comprising (i) or (ii),
• (iv) one or more cytokines at a concentration sufficient to induce the animal cells to secrete anti-inflammatory exosomes capable of inhibiting inflammation in a subject, and the activating composition excludes the fluid of (i) and/or the blood, plasma or serum of (ii).