Reference signal patterns

An apparatus, comprising:

• at least one processor;
• and
• at least one memory including computer program code,
• wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
• construct, at a base station, a reference signal comprising a plurality of reference signal patterns, wherein the plurality of reference signal patterns comprise at least one of a default reference signal pattern or a multi-functional reference signal pattern for at least one of uplink or downlink, wherein the plurality of reference signal patterns comprise at least one of partially overlapping or non-overlapping resource elements, and wherein the plurality of reference signal patterns are constructed dynamically for a specific user or group of users;
• and
• send the reference signal from the base station to a user equipment.

An apparatus, comprising:

• at least one processor;
• and
• at least one memory including computer program code,
• wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
• receive, at a user equipment from a base station, a reference signal comprising a plurality of reference signal patterns, wherein the plurality of reference signal patterns comprise at least one of a default reference signal pattern or a multi-functional reference signal pattern for at least one of uplink or downlink, wherein the plurality of reference signal patterns comprise at least one of partially overlapping or non-overlapping resource elements, and wherein the plurality of reference signal patterns are constructed dynamically for a specific user or group of users;
• and
• determine a functionality of the user equipment based on the reference signal.