Two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser

A two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser comprising:

• a two-dimensional photonic crystal including a plate-shaped base member and modified refractive index regions where the modified refractive index regions have a refractive index different from that of the plate-shaped base member and are two-dimensionally and periodically arranged in the base member;
• an active layer provided on one side of the two-dimensional photonic crystal;
• and
• a first electrode and a second electrode provided sandwiching the two-dimensional photonic crystal and the active layer for supplying current through a contact layer having electrical conductivity to the active layer,
• wherein the first electrode includes:
• a central conductor in direct contact with the contact layer, and
• a plurality of ring-shaped conductors in direct contact with the contact layer, the plurality of ring-shaped conductors arranged concentrically around the central conductor, and
• wherein the contact layer has a high resistance region having electrical resistivity higher than electrical resistivity of another portion of the contact layer, in a region facing an inter-conductor region which is composed of a region between the central conductor and a ring-shaped conductor arranged innermost among the plurality of ring-shaped conductors, and a region between adjacent ring-shaped conductors in the plurality of ring-shaped conductors.

A two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser comprising:

• a two-dimensional photonic crystal including a plate-shaped base member and modified refractive index regions where the modified refractive index regions have a refractive index different from that of the plate-shaped base member and are two-dimensionally and periodically arranged in the base member;
• an active layer provided on one side of the two-dimensional photonic crystal;
• and
• a first electrode and a second electrode provided sandwiching the two-dimensional photonic crystal and the active layer for supplying current through a contact layer having electrical conductivity to the active layer,
• wherein the first electrode includes:
• a central conductor in direct contact with the contact layer, and
• a plurality of ring-shaped conductors in direct contact with the contact layer, the plurality of ring-shaped conductors arranged concentrically around the central conductor,
• the two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser further comprising
• a multilayer reflective film made of two kinds of films alternately stacked with different refractive indexes between the first electrode and the active layer, the multilayer reflective film having electrical conductivity,
• wherein the multilayer reflective film has a high resistance region having electrical resistivity higher than electrical resistivity of another portion of the multilayer reflective film, in a region facing an inter-conductor region which is composed of a region between the central conductor and a ring-shaped conductor arranged innermost among the plurality of ring-shaped conductors, and a region between adjacent ring-shaped conductors in the plurality of ring-shaped conductors.