Electrolyte stabilizing materials, non-aqueous electrolyte, rechargeable batteries using the same, secondary battery-use electrolytic solution, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus

A non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries comprising:

• a polar aprotic solvent;
• an alkali metal salt;
• and
• at least one additive,
• wherein the at least one additive is at least one compound selected from compounds represented by chemical formula I-IV:
• wherein R1 represents one of alkyl (—CnH2n+1), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (CnH2n), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl;
• halogenated cycloalkyl ((—CnX2n) or (—CH2—CnX2n)), halogenated alkenyl (CnXn), halogenated aryl (—Ar—X), halogenated heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I;
• halogen and nitrile (—CN);
• wherein R2 represents one of alkyl (—CnH2n+1), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (CnH2n), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl;
• halogenated cycloalkyl ((—CnX2n) or (—CH2—CnX2n)), halogenated alkenyl (CnXn), halogenated aryl (—Ar—X), halogenated heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I;
• alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogenated aryloxy, —CN-substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl;
• —NO2-substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl;
• halogen and nitrile (—CN);
• wherein R1, R2 is each not a halogenated alkyl;
• wherein X1, X2 represents one of hydrogen;
• halogen X;
• halogenated alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl;
• —CN-substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl;
• —NO2-substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl and -heteroaryl;
• wherein X1 and X2 are not hydrogen concurrently.

A secondary battery, comprising:

• a cathode;
• an anode;
• and
• an electrolytic solution including a cyano compound represented by chemical formula (1),
• wherein R1 represents one of a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a monovalent halogenated. hydrocarbon group, R2 represents one of a cyano group, a monovalent chain hydrocarbon cyano group, and a monovalent halogenated chain hydrocarbon cyano group, X1 represents a halogen group, X2 represents one of a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group.