Fast-chargeable lithium battery electrodes

A lithium secondary battery containing an anode, a cathode, a porous separator disposed between said anode and said cathode, and an electrolyte, wherein said anode comprises particles of an anode active material that are packed together to form an anode active material layer having interstitial spaces to accommodate a lithium ion reservoir disposed therein and configured to receive lithium ions from said cathode through said porous separator when said battery is charged and enable said lithium ions to enter said particles of anode active material in a time-delayed manner, wherein said lithium ion reservoir comprises lithium-capturing groups dispersed in a fluid residing in said interstitial spaces and said lithium-capturing groups are selected from (a) redox forming species that reversibly form a redox pair with a lithium ion when said battery is charged;

• (b) electron-donating groups interspaced between non-electron-donating groups;
• (c) anions and cations wherein the anions are more mobile than the cations;
• (d) chemical reducing groups that partially reduce lithium ions from Li+1 to L+δ, wherein 0<δ<1;
• (e) an ionic liquid;
• (f) borate salt or phosphate salt;
• or (g) a combination thereof.