# US 2019/0379239 A1 · Load Adaptive, Reconfigurable Active Rectifier for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Implant Power Management

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- Number: US 2019/0379239 A1
- Document ID: US20190379239A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/479,540
- Filed: 2018-01-22
- Published: 2019-12-12
- Earliest claimed: 2017-01-20
- Assignees: The Regents of the University of California
- Applicants: The Regents of the University of California
- Inventors: Dejan Rozgic; Dejan Markovic
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190379239A1

## CPC

- A61N 1/3787: {from an external energy source}
- H02J 7/865: {Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply (H02J7/50 takes precedence)}
- H02J 50/10: using inductive coupling
- H02M 1/10: Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from AC or DC
- H02M 3/1563: {without using an external clock (H02M3/158 takes precedence)}
- H02M 7/219: in a bridge configuration
- H02M 7/25: arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
- A61N 1/025: {Digital circuitry features of electrotherapy devices, e.g. memory, clocks, processors}
- A61N 1/0534: {Electrodes for deep brain stimulation}
- A61N 1/08: Arrangements or circuits for monitoring, protecting, controlling or indicating {(for external stimulators A61N1/3603; for implantable neurostimulators A61N1/36128; for heart stimulators A61N1/37; for defibrillators A61N1/3925)}
- A61N 1/36067: {Movement disorders, e.g. tremor or Parkinson disease (stimulating motor muscle A61N1/36003)}
- H02J 50/12: of the resonant type
- H02J 2105/46: Medical devices, medical implants or life supporting devices
- H02M 1/0003: {Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits}
- H02M 1/0041: {Control circuits in which a clock signal is selectively enabled or disabled}
- H02M 1/007: {Plural converter units in cascade (push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826)}
- Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
- A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B)
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS

## Abstract

Many embodiments provide an implant power management unit (IPMU) that includes a reconfigurable active rectifier (AR) for wireless power transfer (WPT), where the AR is configurable to operate in a plurality of different modes of operation, an adaptive load control (ALC) unit that accommodates power delivery with load requirements, where the ALC unit is configured to control AR voltage based upon a desired value, control circuitry that is configured to enable a full bridge rectifier in a regular mode of operation of the AR, a feedback circuit that adaptively generates offset current to compensate for switch delays in at least one active NMOS diode, and a feedback circuit that adaptively generates offset current to compensate switch delays in at least one active PMOS diode.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An implant power management unit (IPMU), comprising:
a reconfigurable active rectifier (AR) for wireless power transfer (WPT), wherein the AR is configurable to operate in a plurality of different modes of operation;
an adaptive load control (ALC) unit that accommodates power delivery with load requirements, wherein the ALC unit is configured to control AR voltage based upon a desired value;
control circuitry that is configured to enable a full bridge rectifier in a regular mode of operation of the AR;
a feedback circuit that adaptively generates offset current to compensate for switch delays in at least one active NMOS diode; and
a feedback circuit that adaptively generates offset current to compensate switch delays in at least one active PMOS diode.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, where the control circuitry is configured to enable two half-wave rectifiers connected in series in a charging mode of operation of the AR such that the AR-WPT operates as a voltage doubler.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, further comprising:
a battery;
wherein the AR-WPT comprises a differential AC input;
wherein the charging mode is enabled during recharging of the battery by the IPMU and requires a higher input voltage swing than the input voltage swing of an input signal received at the AC input during the regular mode.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, wherein the feedback circuit further comprises a comparator that is realized as a push-pull common-gate comparator.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The implant power management unit of claim 4, wherein the push-pull common-gate comparator comprises p-type input transistors.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The implant power management unit of claim 4, wherein the push-pull common-gate comparator comprises n-type transistors.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, wherein the AR-WPT comprises a plurality of comparators that drive the gates of power transistors within active diodes.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The implant power management unit of claim 7, further comprising an offset calibration circuit configured to generate offset currents for the comparators in the AR-WPT.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The implant power management unit of claim 8, wherein the AR-WPT comprises five power switches, three adaptive delay compensated comparators with two driving an NMOS diode and one driving a PMOS diode.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, wherein the ALC unit comprises a Hysteretic Comparator (HC).

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The implant power management unit of claim 10, wherein the HC is connected to a 2-stage amplifier by employing a resistor of fixed value together with a steering circuit, wherein the amplifier's negative input terminal is shifted by a value proportional to the product of the resistor and a hysteresis bias current output by the HC.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, wherein the IPMU operates in a wired mode where power is delivered differentially through a plurality of wires.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, wherein the IPMU operates in a wireless mode where power is delivered through a near-field inductive link.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, wherein the IPMU operates in wireless mode where power is delivered through an inductive link while simultaneously charging a rechargeable battery.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, wherein the IPMU operates in battery mode where power is supplied from a battery.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, further comprising a scalable bandgap reference current block (BGR/IR) and a plurality of voltage generators for a plurality of implant units.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, further comprising two wires at an input that carry sinusoidal signals shifted for 180 degrees such that the net input voltage sum in the two wires is equal to zero.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, further comprising a duty-cycle control unit used as a shunt regulator that adapts power delivery to the load and sets the active rectifier output voltage to a desired value.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, wherein an active diode inputs two control signals for transitioning from passive to active mode and for preventing excessive power dumping to the load.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The implant power management unit of claim 1, further comprising an active body biasing scheme (ABB) that connects the bulk of each power transistor to a higher potential node.