# US 2019/0378663 A1 · Apparatus and Associated Methods

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- Number: US 2019/0378663 A1
- Document ID: US20190378663A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/530,716
- Filed: 2019-08-02
- Published: 2019-12-12
- Earliest claimed: 2012-04-04
- Assignees: Lyten, Inc.
- Applicants: LytEn, Inc.
- Inventors: Teuvo Tapani RYHANEN; Di WEI; Piers ANDREW; Andrew Peter MATTHEWS
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190378663A1

## CPC

- H01G 11/70: characterised by their structure
- H01G 11/06: with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
- H01G 11/26: characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01M 4/04: Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M 4/70: characterised by shape or form
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 10/058: Construction or manufacture
- H01G 9/025: Solid electrolytes (H01G11/54 takes precedence)
- H01G 9/048: characterised by their structure (H01G11/22 takes precedence)
- H01G 11/56: Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
- H01M 12/08: composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y02E 60/13: Energy storage using capacitors
- Y02P 70/50: Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- H01G: CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE (selection of specified materials as dielectric H01B3/00; capacitors having potential barriers H10D1/62, H10K10/10)
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

## Abstract

An apparatus including an open interconnected wall structure having one or more pores, the open interconnected wall structure including a first electrode material, the pores including an electrolyte and a second electrode material, wherein the electrolyte and second electrode material are supported on the first electrode material within the pores such that the first electrode material is separated from the second electrode material by the electrolyte to enable the generation and/or storage of electrical energy using the apparatus.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of making an apparatus, the method comprising:
depositing an electrolyte and a second electrode material into two or more pores of a substrate having an open interconnected wall structure comprising a first electrode material, the pores comprising the electrolyte and the second electrode material in a first of the two or more pores and a different second electrode material in a second of the two or more pores, wherein the electrolyte and each of the second electrode materials are supported on the first electrode material within the two or more pores such that:
the first electrode material is separated from the second electrode material in the first of the two or more pores by the electrolyte to form a battery structure for generation of electrical energy from the first of the two or more pores; and
the first electrode material is separated from the second electrode material in the second of the two pores by the electrolyte to form a capacitor structure for storage of electrical energy in the second of the two or more pores.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises forming the open interconnected wall structure before deposition of the electrolyte and second electrode material.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein forming the open interconnected wall structure comprises:
depositing the first electrode material in the interconnected spaces between and defined by a plurality of particles of a lattice to create an interconnected wall structure comprising the first electrode material; and
removing the plurality of particles to create two or more pores in the interconnected wall structure to create an open interconnected wall structure comprising the first electrode material.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein forming the open interconnected wall structure comprises coating the surfaces of a plurality of particles of a lattice, a block-copolymer, a sponge, or a base substrate with the first electrode material, wherein:
the lattice, the block co-polymer, the sponge, or the base substrate has an open interconnected wall structure comprising two or more pores; and
the coating provides an open interconnected wall structure comprising the first electrode material.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A computer program, recorded on a carrier, the computer program comprising computer code configured to control the method of claim 1.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first electrode material and the second electrode material each comprise a first active material and a second active material respectively, wherein at least one of the first active material and the second active material comprises an electrically insulating lithium-based compound configured for use in generation and/or storage of electrons.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein each of the first active material and the second active material are deposited using one or more of: atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and electrochemical deposition.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first and/or second electrode material comprises a charge collection material in physical contact with an active material of the first and/or second electrode material.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a lithium salt.

### Claim 10 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the open interconnected wall structure has a gyroid structure defined by a configuration of spherical particles that form a lattice and wherein the gyroid structure is trigonometrically approximated by the equation cos x·sin y+cos y·sin z+cos z·sin x=0.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the gyroid structure comprises a block copolymer comprising polyfluorostyrene and a polylactide.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the gyroid structure comprises a cubic bicontinuous double gyroid phase of poly(4-fluorostyrene)-b-poly(D,L-lactide).

### Claim 13 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3 further comprising:
etching the first electrode material before and/or after removing the plurality of particles.

### Claim 14 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3 further comprising:
etching the base substrate to produce the two or more pores.

### Claim 15 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein removing the plurality of particles comprises one or more of: etching, melting, and dissolving the plurality of particles.

### Claim 16 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein forming the open interconnected wall structure further comprises removing the plurality of particles of the lattice, the block co-polymer, the sponge or the base substrate.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein removing the plurality of particles of the lattice, the block co-polymer, the sponge or the base substrate comprises one or more of: etching, melting, and dissolving the plurality of particles of the lattice, the block co-polymer, the sponge or the base substrate.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16 further comprising:
etching the first electrode material before and/or after removing the plurality of particles of the lattice, the block co-polymer, the sponge or the base substrate.