# US 2019/0377129 A1 · Surface features for imaging directional backlights > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2019/0377129 A1 - Document ID: US20190377129A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 16/450,423 - Filed: 2019-06-24 - Published: 2019-12-12 - Earliest claimed: 2015-11-13 - Assignees: RealD Spark, LLC - Applicants: RealD Spark, LLC - Inventors: Graham J. Woodgate; Michael G. Robinson; Robert Ramsey; Jonathan Harrold - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190377129A1 ## CPC - G02B 6/0068: {Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources} - G02B 6/0048: {with stepwise taper} - G02B 6/0091: {of the light source relative to the light guide (G02B6/0021 takes precedence)} - G02B 30/33: involving directional light or back-light sources - G02F 1/295: {Analog deflection from or} in an optical waveguide structure] - H04N 13/302: for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays - H04N 13/32: using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources - H04N 13/354: for displaying sequentially - H04N 13/376: for tracking left-right translational head movements, i.e. lateral movements - G02B 6/009: {of the light source in the package (G02B6/0021 takes precedence)} - G02F 1/1323: {Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle} - G02F 1/13312: {Circuits comprising photodetectors for purposes other than feedback} - G02F 1/133615: {Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side} - G02F 2201/503: Arrangements improving the resistance to shock - G02F 2203/12: spatial light modulator - G02F 2203/62: Switchable arrangements whereby the element being usually not switchable - H04N 2013/40: {Privacy aspects, i.e. devices showing different images to different viewers, the images not being viewpoints of the same scene} - H04N 2013/403: {the images being monoscopic} - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION ## Abstract An imaging directional backlight apparatus includes a waveguide and light source array for providing large area directed illumination from localized light sources. The waveguide may include a stepped structure in which steps may include extraction features optically hidden to guided light, propagating in a forward direction. Returning light propagating in a backward direction may be refracted, diffracted, or reflected by the features to provide discrete illumination beams exiting from the top surface of the waveguide. Viewing windows are formed through imaging individual light sources and defines the relative positions of system elements and ray paths. Alignment of the waveguide to mechanical and optical components may be provided by surface relief features of the waveguide arranged in regions adjacent the input surface and intermediate the light emitting regions of the light sources. Efficient, uniform operation may be achieved with low cross talk for application to autostereoscopic and privacy modes of operation. ## Claims ### Claim at position 1 1-60. (canceled) ### Claim 61 A directional backlight comprising: a waveguide comprising first and second, opposed guide surfaces for guiding light along the waveguide, an input surface extending between the first and second guide surfaces for receiving input light, and a reflective end for reflecting input light from the light sources back along the waveguide; an array of light sources arranged at different input positions along the input surface of the waveguide and arranged to input the input light into the waveguide, wherein the first guide surface is arranged to guide light by total internal reflection and the second guide surface has a stepped shape comprising a plurality of extraction facets oriented to reflect input light from the light sources, after reflection from the reflective end, through the first guide surface as output light, and intermediate regions between the facets that are arranged to guide light along the waveguide, the waveguide being arranged to image the light sources so that the output light is directed into respective optical windows in output directions that are distributed laterally in dependence on the input positions of the light sources; a rear reflector comprising a linear array of reflective facets arranged to reflect light from the light sources, that is transmitted through the plurality of facets of the waveguide, back through the waveguide to exit through the first guide surface; and a transmissive sheet arranged between the rear reflector and the second guide surface of the waveguide. ### Claim 62 (depends on 61) A directional waveguide according to claim 61, wherein the transmissive sheet comprises plural layers. ### Claim 63 (depends on 62) A directional waveguide according to claim 62, wherein the plural layers include a rear protective layer adjacent the rear reflector, the rear protective layer being made of a material that provides less damage to the rear reflector than the material of any other layer of the plural layers. ### Claim 64 (depends on 62) A directional waveguide according to claim 62, wherein the plural layers include a front protective layer adjacent the waveguide, the front protective layer being made of a material that provides less damage to the waveguide than the material of any other layer of the plural layers. ### Claim 65 (depends on 62) A directional waveguide according to claim 62, wherein the plural layers include a reinforcing layer made of a material having a higher stiffness than the material than any other layer of the plural layers. ### Claim 66 (depends on 61) A directional waveguide according to claim 61, wherein the extraction facets are laterally curved have positive optical power in a direction between sides of the waveguide that extend between the first and second guide surfaces. ### Claim 67 (depends on 61) A directional waveguide according to claim 61, wherein the reflective end has positive optical power in a direction extending between sides of the waveguide that extend between the first and second guide surfaces. ### Claim 68 (depends on 61) A directional backlight according to claim 61, wherein the input surface is an end of the waveguide opposite to the reflective end. ### Claim 69 (depends on 61) A directional backlight according to claim 61, wherein the input surface is a surface of a side of the waveguide extending away from the reflective end. ### Claim 70 (depends on 61) A directional display device comprising: a directional backlight according to claim 61; and a transmissive spatial light modulator arranged to receive the output light from the waveguide and to modulate it to display an image. ### Claim 71 (depends on 70) A directional display apparatus comprising: a directional display device according to claim 70; and a control system arranged to control the light sources.