# US 2019/0375997 A1 · Base stocks and lubricant compositions containing same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2019/0375997 A1 - Document ID: US20190375997A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 16/527,861 - Filed: 2019-07-31 - Published: 2019-12-12 - Earliest claimed: 2016-03-31 - Assignees: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company - Applicants: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company - Inventors: Rugved P. Pathare; Lisa I-Ching Yeh; Yogi V. Shukla; Charles L. Baker, JR.; Bryan E. Hagee; Debra A. Sysyn; Kendall S. Fruchey - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190375997A1 ## CPC - C10G 65/12: including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps - C10G 47/18: the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof - C10G 69/02: plural serial stages only - C10M 101/02: Petroleum fractions - C10G 2300/202: Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P - C10G 2300/302: Viscosity - C10G 2400/10: Lubricating oil - C10M 2203/1006: used as base material - C10M 2203/1025: used as base material - C10M 2203/1045: used as base material - C10M 2203/1065: used as base material - C10N 2020/01: {Physico-chemical properties} - C10N 2020/02: Viscosity; Viscosity index - C10N 2020/065: {Saturated Compounds} - C10N 2030/02: Pour-point; Viscosity index - C10N 2030/08: Resistance to extreme temperature - C10N 2030/10: Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants - C10N 2040/12: Gas-turbines - C10N 2040/25: Internal-combustion engines - C10G: CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES - C10M: LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS (well drilling compositions C09K8/02); USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION (mould release, i.e. separating, agents for metals B22C3/00, for plastics or substances in a plastic state, in general B29C33/56, for glass C03B40/02; textile lubricating compositions D06M11/00, D06M13/00, D06M15/00; immersion oils for microscopy G02B21/33) - C10N: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS ## Abstract A base stock having at least 90 wt. % saturates, an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, including an absorptivity between 280 and 320 nm of less than 0.015 l/gm-cm, a viscosity index (VI) from 80 to 120, and having a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than 1.05 and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between 4 and 6 cSt. A base stock having at least 90 wt. % saturates, an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by UV spectroscopy, including an absorptivity between 280 and 320 nm of less than 0.020 l/gm-cm, a viscosity index (VI) from 80 to 120, and having a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than 1.05 and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between 10 and 14 cSt. A lubricating oil having the base stock as a major component, and one or more additives as a minor component. Methods for improving oxidation performance and low temperature performance of formulated lubricant compositions through the compositionally advantaged base stock. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A base stock comprising: at least about 90 wt. % saturates; an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, comprising an absorptivity between 280 and 320 nm of less than about 0.015 l/gm-cm; a viscosity index (VI) from 80 to 120, and having a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than about 1.05 and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 4 and about 6 cSt. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 having an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, comprising: absorptivity @ 226 nm of less than about 0.15 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 275 nm of less than about 0.013 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 302 nm of less than about 0.005 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 310 nm of less than about 0.006 l/g-cm; and absorptivity @ 325 nm of less than about 0.0017 l/g-cm. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 having an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, comprising: absorptivity @ 226 nm of less than about 0.15 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 254 nm of less than about 0.007 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 275 nm of less than about 0.013 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 302 nm of less than about 0.005 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 310 nm of less than about 0.006 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 325 nm of less than about 0.0017 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 339 nm of less than about 0.0013 l/g-cm; and absorptivity @ 400 nm of less than about 0.00014 l/g-cm. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 having a cycloparaffin performance ratio is greater than about 1.2. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the saturates comprise monocycloparaffinic species of 0 X-class, and wherein the monocycloparaffinic species are greater than about 41 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the saturates comprise cycloparaffinic species and the aromatics comprise naphthenoaromatic species of −2 X-class, and wherein the 2+ ring species of the cycloparaffinic species and the naphthenoaromatic species are less than about 35 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the saturates comprise cycloparaffinic species and the aromatics comprise naphthenoaromatic species of −4 X-class, and wherein the 3+ ring species of the cycloparaffinic species and the naphthenoaromatic species are less than about 11 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the saturates comprise cycloparaffinic species and the aromatics comprise naphthenoaromatic species of −6 X-class, and wherein the 4+ ring species of the cycloparaffinic species and the naphthenoaromatic species are less than about 3.7 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the saturates comprise monomethyl paraffinic species, and wherein the monomethyl paraffinic species are less than about 1 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the saturates comprise branched iso-paraffinic species and wherein the branched iso-paraffinic species have greater than 1 tertiary or pendant propyl groups per 100 carbon atoms. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 produced from a vacuum gas oil feed having a solvent dewaxed oil feed viscosity index of from about 20 to about 45. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 produced from a mixed feed comprising a vacuum gas oil feed and a hydrotreated coker gas oil feed, said mixed feed stock having a solvent dewaxed oil feed viscosity index of from about 20 to about 45. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is between about 5 and about 6 cSt. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the weight % saturates is greater than 98. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 wherein the viscosity index (VI) is greater than 105. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The base stock of claim 1 having a pour point less than about −12° C. ### Claim 17 A lubricating oil having a composition comprising a base stock as a major component; and one or more additives as a minor component; wherein the base stock has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 4 and about 6 cSt, and comprises: greater than or equal to about 90 wt. % saturates; an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, comprising an absorptivity between 280 and 320 nm of less than about 0.015 l/gm-cm; a viscosity index (VI) from 80 to 120, and having a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than about 1.05. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock has an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, comprising: absorptivity @ 226 nm of less than about 0.15 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 275 nm of less than about 0.013 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 302 nm of less than about 0.005 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 310 nm of less than about 0.006 l/g-cm; and absorptivity @ 325 nm of less than about 0.0017 l/g-cm. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock has an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, comprising: absorptivity @ 226 nm of less than about 0.15 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 254 nm of less than about 0.007 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 275 nm of less than about 0.013 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 302 nm of less than about 0.005 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 310 nm of less than about 0.006 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 325 nm of less than about 0.0017 l/g-cm; absorptivity @ 339 nm of less than about 0.0013 l/g-cm; and absorptivity @ 400 nm of less than about 0.00014 l/g-cm. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock has a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than about 1.2. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein, in the base stock, the saturates comprise monocycloparaffinic species of 0 X-class, and wherein the monocycloparaffinic species are greater than about 41 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein, in the base stock, the saturates comprise cycloparaffinic species and the aromatics comprise naphthenoaromatic species of −2 X-class, and wherein the 2+ ring species of the cycloparaffinic species and the naphthenoaromatic species are less than about 35 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein, in the base stock, the saturates comprise cycloparaffinic species and the aromatics comprise naphthenoaromatic species of −4 X-class, and wherein the 3+ ring species of the cycloparaffinic species and the naphthenoaromatic species are less than about 11 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 24 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein, in the base stock, the saturates comprise cycloparaffinic species and the aromatics comprise naphthenoaromatic species of −6 X-class, and wherein the 4+ ring species of the cycloparaffinic species and the naphthenoaromatic species are less than about 3.7 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein, in the base stock, the saturates comprise monomethyl paraffinic species, and wherein the monomethyl paraffinic species are less than about 1.0 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 26 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein, in the base stock, the saturates comprise branched iso-paraffinic species, and wherein the branched iso-paraffinic species have greater than 1.2 tertiary or pendant propyl groups per 100 carbon atoms. ### Claim 27 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the one or more additives comprise one or more of an antiwear additive, viscosity modifier, antioxidant, detergent, dispersant, pour point depressant, corrosion inhibitor, metal deactivator, seal compatibility additive, demulsifying agent, anti-foam agent, inhibitor, and anti-rust additive. ### Claim 28 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 having improved oxidation performance, as measured by a rotating pressure oxidation test (RPVOT) by ASTM D2272, as compared to oxidation performance of a lubricating oil containing a base stock other than said base stock, and having a similar saturates content. ### Claim 29 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 having improved low temperature performance of more than about 2000 cp, as measured by a mini-rotary viscometer (MRV) by ASTM D4684, as compared to low temperature performance of a lubricating oil containing a base stock other than said base stock, and having a similar pour point. ### Claim 30 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock is produced from a vacuum gas oil feed having a solvent dewaxed oil feed viscosity index of from about 20 to about 45. ### Claim 31 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock is produced from a mixed feed comprising a vacuum gas oil feed and a hydrotreated coker gas oil feed, said mixed feed stock having a solvent dewaxed oil feed viscosity index of from about 20 to about 45. ### Claim 32 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 which is a passenger vehicle engine oil (PVEO). ### Claim 33 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 5 and about 6 cSt ### Claim 34 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock has a weight % saturates of greater than 98. ### Claim 35 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock has a viscosity index (VI) of greater than 105. ### Claim 36 (depends on 17) The lubricating oil of claim 17 wherein the base stock has a pour point of less than about −12° C. ### Claim 37 A method for improving oxidation performance of a lubricating oil as measured by a rotating pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT) by ASTM D2272, said lubricating oil comprising a base stock having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 4 and about 6 cSt as a major component; and one or more additives as a minor component; wherein the base stock comprises: greater than or equal to about 90 wt. % saturates; an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, comprising an absorptivity between 280 and 320 nm of less than about 0.015 l/gm-cm; a viscosity index (VI) from 80 to 120, and has a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than about 1.1; wherein said method comprises controlling the cycloparaffin performance ratio to achieve a ratio greater than about 1.05. ### Claim 38 (depends on 37) The method of claim 37 wherein the base stock is produced from a vacuum gas oil feed having a solvent dewaxed oil feed viscosity index of from about 20 to about 45. ### Claim 39 (depends on 37) The method of claim 37 wherein the base stock is produced from a mixed feed comprising a vacuum gas oil feed and a hydrotreated coker gas oil feed, said mixed feed stock having a solvent dewaxed oil feed viscosity index of from about 20 to about 45. ### Claim 40 (depends on 37) The method of claim 37 wherein the base stock has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 5 and about 6 cSt. ### Claim 41 (depends on 37) The method of claim 37 wherein the base stock has a weight % saturates of greater than 98. ### Claim 42 (depends on 37) The method of claim 37 wherein the base stock has a viscosity index (VI) of greater than 105. ### Claim 43 A method for improving low temperature performance of a lubricating oil as measured by a mini-rotary viscometer (MRV) by ASTM D4684, said lubricating oil comprising a base stock having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 4 and about 6 cSt as a major component; and one or more additives as a minor component; wherein the base stock comprises: greater than or equal to about 90 wt. % saturates; an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, comprising an absorptivity between 280 and 320 nm of less than about 0.015 l/gm-cm: a viscosity index (VI) from 80 to 120, and has a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than about 1.05; wherein said method comprises controlling the cycloparaffin performance ratio to achieve a ratio greater than about 1.1; controlling monocycloparaffinic species greater than about 44 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics; and/or controlling iso-paraffinic species greater than about 21 wt. %, based on the total wt. % of all saturates and aromatics. ### Claim 44 (depends on 43) The method of claim 43 wherein the base stock is produced from a vacuum gas oil feed having a solvent dewaxed oil feed viscosity index of from about 20 to about 45. ### Claim 45 (depends on 43) The method of claim 43 wherein the base stock is produced from a mixed feed comprising a vacuum gas oil feed and a hydrotreated coker gas oil feed, said mixed feed stock having a solvent dewaxed oil feed viscosity index of from about 20 to about 45. ### Claim 46 (depends on 43) The method of claim 43 wherein the base stock has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 5 and about 6 cSt. ### Claim 47 (depends on 43) The method of claim 43 wherein the base stock has a weight % saturates of greater than 98. ### Claim 48 (depends on 43) The method of claim 43 wherein the base stock has a viscosity index (VI) of greater than 105.