Multicompartment layered and stackable microfluidic bioreactors and applications of same

A stackable transwell device, comprising:

• a top transwell insert;
• at least one middle transwell insert;
• and
• a bottom transwell insert,
• wherein each of the bottom transwell insert, the at least one middle transwell insert and the top transwell insert comprises a tubular body and a flange radially extending from an upper end of the tubular body, such that, as assembled, the flange of the top transwell insert stacks on the flange of the at least one middle transwell insert that in turn, stacks on the flange of the bottom transwell insert, and the tubular body of the top transwell insert is sleeved by the tubular body of the at least one middle transwell insert that in turn, is sleeved by the tubular body of the bottom transwell insert;
• wherein a top cover is attached to a lower end of the tubular body of the top transwell insert, a middle membrane is attached to a lower end of the tubular body of the at least one middle transwell insert, a bottom substrate is attached to a lower end of the tubular body of the bottom transwell insert;
• wherein the top cover, the middle membrane, and the tubular bodies of the top transwell insert and the at least one middle transwell insert define a top chamber, and the top chamber is in fluid communication with a first input channel and a first output channel;
• and
• wherein the middle membrane, the bottom substrate, and the tubular bodies of the at least one middle transwell insert and the bottom transwell insert define a bottom chamber, and the bottom chamber is in fluid communication with a second input channel and a second output channel.