# US 2019/0317152 A1 · Real-time electrochemical impedance spectroscopy apparatus (eisa) testing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2019/0317152 A1 - Document ID: US20190317152A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 16/363,214 - Filed: 2019-03-25 - Published: 2019-10-17 - Earliest claimed: 2018-03-23 - Assignees: Bloom Energy Corporation - Applicants: Bloom Energy Corporation - Inventors: Arne BALLANTINE; John CRONIN; Joseph BODKIN - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190317152A1 ## CPC - G01R 31/367: Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables - G01N 27/026: {Dielectric impedance spectroscopy (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for measuring corrosion G01N17/02)} - G01R 31/371: with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers - G01R 31/389: Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables - G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health - H01M 10/4285: {Testing apparatus} - H01M 10/44: Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J7/00) - H01M 10/48: Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569) - H02J 7/60: including safety or protection arrangements - H02J 7/663: {using battery or load disconnect circuits (H02J9/002 takes precedence)} - H02J 7/80: including monitoring or indicating arrangements - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) may include testing various voltages and currents, storing and sending the data to an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyzer (EISA) network, where the data may be compared to historical data to determine a safety threshold that may provide preferred operating use of a device battery, and in response to a battery level exceeding a safety threshold, the battery may be halted. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of a battery, comprising: performing an EIS test on a battery; identifying a battery condition based on analysis of EIS test results; and implementing a battery protection action responsive to the identified battery condition. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein performing an EIS test on the battery, identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results, and implementing a battery protection action responsive to the identified battery condition are performed by a battery fail module coupled to the battery. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: performing an EIS test on a battery comprises: applying a test waveform to the battery; determining a response waveform of the battery; and determining an impedance response of the battery at a frequency of the test waveform based on a comparison of the response waveform to the applied test waveform; and identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results comprises determining the battery condition based on the impedance response of the battery at the frequency of the test waveform. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: performing an EIS test on a battery comprises: applying a plurality of different test waveforms to the battery; determining a response waveform of the battery for each of the plurality of different test waveforms; and determining an impedance response of the battery for each of the plurality of different test waveforms based on a comparison of each response waveform to each applied test waveform; and identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results comprises determining the battery condition based on the impedance response of the battery for each of the plurality of different test waveforms. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: performing an EIS test on a battery comprises: applying a test waveform to the battery; and determining a response waveform of the battery; and identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results comprises comparing the test waveform and the response waveform and determining a score based on the comparison of the test waveform and the response waveform; and implementing a battery protection action responsive to the identified battery condition comprises: determining the battery protection action from an entry in a battery protection decision matrix corresponding to the determined score; and executing the determined battery protection action. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein implementing a battery protection action responsive to the identified battery condition comprises performing one or more of charging the battery, generating a notification on a graphical user interface, powering down a device coupled to the battery, or disconnecting the battery from a device. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein performing an EIS test on a battery comprises applying a first test waveform to the battery and determining a first response waveform of the battery, the method further comprising: uploading the first response waveform to a server; receiving parameters for a second test waveform from the server; applying the second test waveform to the battery; and determining a second response waveform of the battery, wherein identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results comprises identifying the battery condition based on comparisons of the first response waveform to the first test waveform and of the second response waveforms to the second test waveform. ### Claim 8 A electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) device for use on a battery powered device, comprising: a battery tester circuit configured to performing an EIS test on a battery; and a control device coupled to the battery tester and configured to perform operations comprising: performing an EIS test on the battery; identifying a battery condition based on analysis of EIS test results; and implementing a battery protection action responsive to the identified battery condition. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The EIS device of claim 8, wherein the control device comprises a processor within a battery fail module coupled to the battery tester circuit. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The EIS device of claim 8, wherein the battery tester circuit comprises: a test waveform generator configured to generate a test waveform in response to parameters provided by the control device; and a response waveform detector configured to measure at least one of voltage or current across the battery at a sampling interval to determine a response waveform. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The EIS device of claim 10, wherein the control device is further configured to perform operations such that: performing an EIS test on a battery comprises determining an impedance response of the battery at a frequency of the test waveform based on a comparison of the response waveform to the applied test waveform; and identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results comprises determining the battery condition based on the impedance response of the battery at the frequency of the test waveform. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The EIS device of claim 10, wherein the control device is further configured to perform operations such that: performing an EIS test on a battery comprises determining an impedance response of the battery for each of a plurality of different test waveforms based on a comparison of each response waveform to each applied test waveform; and identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results comprises determining the battery condition based on the impedance response of the battery for each of the plurality of different test waveforms. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The EIS device of claim 10, wherein the control device is further configured to perform operations such that: identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results comprises comparing the test waveform and the response waveform and determining a score based on the comparison of the test waveform and the response waveform; and implementing a battery protection action responsive to the identified battery condition comprises: determining the battery protection action from an entry in a battery protection decision matrix corresponding to the determined score; and executing the determined battery protection action. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The EIS device of claim 10, wherein the control device is further configured to perform operations such that implementing a battery protection action responsive to the identified battery condition comprises performing one or more of signaling a battery charger to charge the battery, generating a notification on a graphical user interface, signaling the battery powered device to power down, or opening a switch to disconnect the battery from the battery powered device. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The EIS device of claim 10, wherein: the control device is further configured to perform operations such that performing an EIS test on a battery comprises: applying a first test waveform to the battery; and determining a first response waveform of the battery; and the control device is configured to perform operations further comprising: uploading the first response waveform to an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyzer (EISA) server; receiving parameters for a second test waveform from the EISA server; applying the second test waveform to the battery; and determining a second response waveform of the battery, the control device is further configured to perform operations such that identifying a battery condition based on the analysis of EIS test results comprises identifying the battery condition based on comparisons of the first response waveform to the first test waveform and of the second response waveforms to the second test waveform. ### Claim at position 16 16-20. (canceled) ### Claim 21 A method for managing sharing of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) battery testing data, comprising: receiving an EIS test waveform for an EIS test on a battery, a response waveform for the EIS test, and performance parameters of the battery from an EIS system; storing the EIS test waveform, the response waveform, and the performance parameters in a learned database as associated with the battery, and comparing the EIS test waveform, the response waveform, and the performance parameters with historical EIS test waveforms, historical response waveforms, and historical performance parameters associated with a type of battery corresponding to the type of battery for the battery and a poor performance event for the battery to determine EIS testing information for the battery exhibiting the poor performance event. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, further comprising identifying patterns in the historical performance parameters associated with the type of battery that correlate with poor performance events. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22, wherein analyzing the EIS test waveform, the response waveform, and the performance parameters with historical EIS test waveforms, historical response waveforms, and historical performance parameters comprises calculating a correlation between the EIS test waveform, the response waveform, and the performance parameters and the historical EIS test waveforms, the historical response waveforms, and the historical performance parameters, and wherein the method further comprises: determining whether the calculated correlation exceeds a threshold; and providing a further EIS test waveform and further EIS test commands associated with the poor performance event in response to determining that the calculated correlation exceeds the threshold. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, further comprising updating an entry associating battery type and the poor performance event to include the calculated correlation. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, further comprising determining whether there is a request to upload from the EIS system, wherein receiving an EIS test waveform for an EIS test on a battery, a response waveform for the EIS test, and performance parameters of the battery, storing the EIS test waveform, the response waveform, and the performance parameters in a learned database as associated with the battery, and analyzing the EIS test waveform, the response waveform, and the performance parameters with historical EIS test waveforms, historical response waveforms, and historical performance parameters occur in response to determining that there is a request to upload from the EIS system; and sending the further EIS test waveform and the further EIS test commands to the EIS system.