# US 2019/0316889 A1 · Methods and systems for ballistic manufacturing of micro/nano coatings and artifacts

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- Number: US 2019/0316889 A1
- Document ID: US20190316889A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/301,736
- Filed: 2017-05-17
- Published: 2019-10-17
- Earliest claimed: 2016-05-18
- Assignees: San Diego State University Research Foundation
- Applicants: San Diego State University Research Foundation
- Inventors: Khaled Morsi; Daniel Cavero; David Hille; Kyle Stewart; Sumedha Weerasuriya
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190316889A1

## CPC

- F42B 12/80: Coatings
- C23C 4/08: containing only metal elements (C23C4/073 takes precedence)
- C23C 4/123: Spraying molten metal
- F42B 12/78: of jackets for smallarm bullets {; Jacketed bullets or projectiles}
- F42B: EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION (explosive compositions C06B; fuzes F42C; blasting F42D)
- C23C: COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (making metal-coated products by extrusion B21C23/22; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, see the relevant places, e.g. B21D39/00, B23K; metallising of glass C03C; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone C04B41/00; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals C23D; treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25D; single-crystal film growth C30B; by metallising textiles D06M11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D06Q1/04)

## Abstract

Provided herein are systems and methods for applying materials to articles or projectiles in order to coat at least a portion of the projectile. An embodiment of disclosure provides launching the a projectile into a stream of fluid. The fluid may be a molten metal, powder suspension or slip to be later sintered, molten polymer, monomers to be later polymerized or gaseous species that can locally react with the projectile to produce coatings such as oxides, nitrides, carbides, etc. The passage of the projectile through the fluid results in a coating on the projectile.

## Claims

### Claim 1

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### Claim 2

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### Claim 3

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### Claim 22

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### Claim 23

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### Claim 24

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### Claim 25

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### Claim 26

A method of applying a material to an article, the method comprising:
flowing a stream comprising a material in a first direction;
passing an article through the stream such that the material is applied to at least a portion of the article, wherein the article travels in a second direction at a speed of at least 1 m/s when passing through the flowing material; and
separating at least a portion of the article from the material applied to the article.

### Claim 27 (depends on 25)

The method of claim 25, wherein separating at least a portion of the article comprising melting, dissolving, degrading, or volatilizing at least a portion of the article.

### Claim 28 (depends on 25)

The method of claim 25, wherein the article is a composite comprising a first material and a second material, and wherein separating at least a portion of the article comprises removing the first material while the second material remains.

### Claim 29

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### Claim 30

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### Claim 31

A method of applying a material to an article, the method comprising:
flowing a stream comprising a material in a first direction, and
passing an article through the stream such that the material is applied to at least a portion of the article, wherein the article travels in a second direction at a speed of at least 1 m/s when passing through the flowing material, wherein the article comprises a patterned mask on the surface of the article, wherein the material is selectively applied to exposed portions of the article uncovered by the mask, and wherein the mask is a photolithographic mask.

### Claim 32 (depends on 31)

The method of claim 31; wherein the article comprises a beveled edge.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, where the beveled edge has an angle of at least 5°.

### Claim 34 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, where the beveled edge has an angle of at least 10°.

### Claim 35 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, where the beveled edge has an angle of at least 25°.

### Claim 36 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, wherein the beveled edge has an angle of no more than 60°.

### Claim 37 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, wherein the beveled edge has an angle of no more than 45°.

### Claim 38 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, wherein the beveled edge has an angle of no more than 30°.

### Claim 39

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### Claim 40

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### Claim 41

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### Claim 42

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### Claim 43

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### Claim 47

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### Claim 48

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### Claim 49

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### Claim 50

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### Claim 51

A method of applying a material to an article, the method comprising:
flowing a stream comprising a material in a first direction,
passing an article through the stream such that the material is applied to at least a portion of the article, wherein the article travels in a second direction at a speed of at least 1 m/s when passing through the flowing material, and
applying a decelerating force to the article after the article passes through the flowing material, wherein applying the decelerating force comprises applying a fluid pressure to the article.

### Claim 52

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### Claim 53

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### Claim 54

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### Claim 55

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### Claim 56 (depends on 51)

The method of claim 51, wherein the article comprises one or more cavities, and wherein the material enters the one or more cavities when the article passes through the flowing material.

### Claim 57 (depends on 56)

The method of claim 56, the method further comprising solidifying the material and separating the solidified article from the cavity, wherein the shape of the solidified material corresponds to the shape of the cavity.

### Claim 58 (depends on 56)

The method of claim 56, the method further comprising solidifying the material and not separating the solidified article from the cavity.

### Claim 59

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### Claim 60

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### Claim 61

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### Claim 62

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### Claim 63

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### Claim 64 (depends on 26)

The method of claim 26, wherein a surface of the article comprises a feature with at least one dimension less than 100 nm.

### Claim 65

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### Claim 66

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### Claim 67 (depends on 26)

The method of claim 26, wherein the article is rotating while passing through the flowing of material.

### Claim 68 (depends on 67)

The method of claim 67, wherein the article rotates about an axis that is parallel to the first direction.

### Claim 69 (depends on 67)

The method of claim 67, wherein the article rotates about an axis that is perpendicular to the first direction.

### Claim 70 (depends on 67)

The method of claim 67, wherein the article rotates about an axis that is parallel to the second direction.

### Claim 71 (depends on 67)

The method of claim 67, wherein the article rotates about an axis that is perpendicular to the second direction.

### Claim 72

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### Claim 73

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### Claim 101

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