# US 2019/0314641 A1 · Methods and systems for neural stimulation via visual, auditory and peripheral nerve stimulations

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 2019/0314641 A1
- Document ID: US20190314641A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/427,276
- Filed: 2019-05-30
- Published: 2019-10-17
- Earliest claimed: 2016-11-17
- Assignees: Cognito Therapeutics, Inc.
- Applicants: Cognito Therapeutics, Inc.
- Inventors: Zachary John Hambrecht Malchano; Martin Warren Williams
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190314641A1

## CPC

- A61N 5/0622: {Optical stimulation for exciting neural tissue}
- A61B 5/0036: {including treatment, e.g., using an implantable medical device, ablating, ventilating}
- A61B 5/16: Devices for psychotechnics (using teaching or educational appliances G09B1/00 - G09B7/00); Testing reaction times {; Devices for evaluating the psychological state}
- A61B 5/377: using evoked responses
- A61B 5/378: Visual stimuli
- A61B 5/38: Acoustic or auditory stimuli
- A61B 5/4088: {Diagnosing of monitoring cognitive diseases, e.g. Alzheimer, prion diseases or dementia}
- A61B 5/4836: {Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods (A61B5/0036 takes precedence)}
- A61M 21/00: Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
- A61N 1/0456: {Specially adapted for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS]}
- A61N 1/36025: {for treating a mental or cerebral condition}
- A61N 1/36036: {of the outer, middle or inner ear}
- A61N 1/36082: {Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease}
- A61N 1/36092: {Mental training}
- A61N 1/36132: {using patient feedback}
- A61N 5/0618: {Psychological treatment}
- G02C 11/10: {Electronic devices other than hearing aids}
- G16H 20/70: relating to mental therapies, e.g. psychological therapy or autogenous training
- G16H 40/63: for local operation
- G16H 40/67: for remote operation
- H05B 47/105: in response to determined parameters
- A61B 3/113: for determining or recording eye movement
- A61B 5/024: Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B 5/05: Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves (measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24)
- A61B 5/163: {by tracking eye movement, gaze, or pupil change}
- A61B 5/168: {Evaluating attention deficit, hyperactivity}
- A61B 5/375: using biofeedback
- A61B 5/4848: {Monitoring or testing the effects of treatment, e.g. of medication}
- A61B 5/6803: {Head-worn items, e.g. helmets, masks, headphones or goggles}
- A61M 2021/0027: {by the hearing sense}
- A61M 2021/0044: {by the sight sense}
- A61M 2021/0072: {with application of electrical currents}
- A61M 2205/3375: Acoustical, e.g. ultrasonic, measuring means
- A61N 1/0551: {Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes}
- A61N 2005/0626: {Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods}
- A61N 2005/0627: {Dose monitoring systems and methods}
- A61N 2005/0629: {Sequential activation of light sources}
- A61N 2005/0648: {the light being directed to the eyes}
- A61N 2005/0652: {Arrays of diodes}
- A61N 2005/0659: {infrared}
- A61N 2005/0661: {ultraviolet}
- A61N 2005/0662: {Visible light}
- A61N 2005/0663: {Coloured light}
- A61N 2005/0667: {Filters}
- G02C 2200/10: Frame or frame portions made from wire
- G16H 10/20: for electronic clinical trials or questionnaires
- G16H 10/60: for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
- G16H 20/10: relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
- G16H 70/20: relating to practices or guidelines
- A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B)
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- A61M: DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY (introducing media into or onto the bodies of animals A61D7/00; means for inserting tampons A61F13/26; devices for administering food or medicines orally A61J; containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/05); DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY (surgery A61B; chemical aspects of surgical articles A61L); DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR {(Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents A61N1/36021)}
- G02C: SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES (trial frames for testing the eyes A61B3/04; goggles or eyeshields not having the same features as spectacles A61F9/00)
- G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL

## Abstract

Systems and methods of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for treating cognitive dysfunction in a subject in need thereof. The system can include a light source and a speaker. A visual neural stimulation system provides, via the light source, visual stimulation having a first value of a first parameter. An auditory neural stimulation system provides, via the speaker, audio stimulation having a second value of the second parameter. A stimuli orchestration component selects, for a first time interval, one of the visual stimulation or the audio stimulation to vary based on a policy, selects, for the first time interval, the other of the visual stimulation or the audio stimulation to keep constant based on the policy, and provides causes the one of the visual neural stimulation system or the auditory neural stimulation system to vary the one of the visual stimulation or the audio stimulation.

## Claims

### Claim at position 1

1-26. (canceled)

### Claim 27

A system, comprising:
one or more processors configured to:
select a light pattern having a first parameter and a second parameter;
set a value of the first parameter based on a predetermined stimulation frequency, and set a first value of the second parameter of the light pattern based on a first default value;
select an audio signal having a first parameter and a second parameter;
set a value of the first parameter of the audio signal based on the predetermined stimulation frequency, and set a first value of the second parameter of the audio signal based on a second default value;
construct a visual output signal based on the first parameter of the light pattern and the second parameter of the light pattern;
construct an audio output signal based on the first parameter of the audio signal and the second parameter of the audio signal;
provide the visual output signal to a light source to cause the light source to generate and direct light towards at least one eye of a subject in accordance with the constructed visual output signal;
provide the audio output signal to a speaker to cause the speaker to provide sound to the subject in accordance with the constructed audio output signal;
update, for a first time interval and based on a function, at least one parameter of one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal to generate an updated output signal; and
provide the updated output signal to cause one of the light source or the speaker to present the updated output signal.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
select, for the first time interval, the first value of the second parameter of the light pattern to update; and
update, for the first time interval, the first value of the second parameter of the light pattern to a second value to construct the updated output signal, without updating the first parameter and the second parameter of the audio output signal.

### Claim 29 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
select one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal to sweep; and
vary, for a plurality of time intervals, the at least one parameter of the selected one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal conduct a sweep through values of the at least one parameter, without varying the first parameter or the second parameter of the visual output signal or the audio output signal not selected for the sweep.

### Claim 30 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
determine, during a first time interval, a level of attention of the subject based on input from the subject;
vary, during a second time interval, the at least one parameter of the audio output signal while keeping the visual output signal constant;
detect, for the second time interval, an updated level of attention of the subject;
determine that the updated level of attention during the second time interval is greater than the level of attention during the first time interval; and
set, for a third time interval, a value of the at least one parameter of the audio signal based on the variation to the at least one parameter of the audio signal during the second time interval associated with the updated level of attention greater than the level of attention.

### Claim 31 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
determine, during a first time interval, a level of attention of the subject based on input from the subject;
vary, during a second time interval, the at least one parameter of the visual output signal while keeping the audio output signal constant;
detect, for the second time interval, an updated level of attention of the subject;
determine that the updated level of attention during the second time interval is greater than the level of attention during the first time interval; and
set, for a third time interval, a value of the at least one parameter of the visual output signal based on the variation to the at least one parameter of the visual output signal during the second time interval associated with the updated level of attention greater than the level of attention.

### Claim 32 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
determine, during a first time interval, a level of attention of the subject based on input from the subject;
vary, during a second time interval, the second parameter of the audio output signal while keeping the visual output signal constant;
detect, for the second time interval, an updated level of attention of the subject;
determine that the updated level of attention during the second time interval is less than the level of attention during the first time interval; and
keep, for a third time interval, the first value of the second parameter of the visual output signal responsive to the updated level of attention being less than the level of attention.

### Claim 33 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
determine, during a first time interval, a level of attention of the subject based on input from the subject;
vary, during a second time interval, an offset between the visual output signal and the audio output signal;
detect, for the second time interval, an updated level of attention of the subject;
determine that the updated level of attention during the second time interval is greater than the level of attention during the first time interval; and
set, for a third time interval, a value of the offset based on based on the variation during the second time interval associated with the updated level of attention greater than the level of attention.

### Claim 34 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
retrieve, based on a lookup, a profile corresponding to an identifier of the subject, the identifier of the subject received via an input device;
select the visual output signal and the audio output signal based on the profile; and
select the predetermined stimulation frequency based on the profile.

### Claim 35 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
provide, subsequent to provision of the visual output signal and the audio output signal, a prompt to the subject to obtain feedback; and
update, for the first time interval, the at least one parameter of the one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal based on feedback received responsive to the prompt.

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

The system of claim 35, wherein the prompt comprises at least one of a visual prompt, an audio prompt, a tactile prompt, or a survey.

### Claim 37 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
receive, from an attentiveness measurement device, an action response of the subject; and
update, for the first time interval, the at least one parameter of the one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal based on the action response of the subject.

### Claim 38 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
receive, from an attentiveness measurement device, a plurality of action responses of the subject;
apply a pattern recognition technique to the plurality of action responses to identify one or more cues from the subject; and
update, for the first time interval, the at least one parameter of the one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal based on the one or more cues from the subject.

### Claim 39 (depends on 27)

The system of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
determine physiological conditions of the subject using a feedback sensor; and
update, for the first time interval, the at least one parameter of the one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal responsive to the physiological conditions.

### Claim 40

A method, comprising:
select, by one or more processors, a light pattern having a first parameter and a second parameter;
setting, by the one or more processors, a value of the first parameter based on a predetermined stimulation frequency, and set a first value of the second parameter of the light pattern based on a first default value;
selecting, by the one or more processors, an audio signal having a first parameter and a second parameter;
setting, by the one or more processors, a value of the first parameter of the audio signal based on the predetermined stimulation frequency, and set a first value of the second parameter of the audio signal based on a second default value;
constructing, by the one or more processors, a visual output signal based on the first parameter of the light pattern and the second parameter of the light pattern;
constructing, by the one or more processors, an audio output signal based on the first parameter of the audio signal and the second parameter of the audio signal;
providing, by the one or more processors, the visual output signal to a light source to cause the light source to generate and direct light towards at least one eye of a subject in accordance with the constructed visual output signal;
providing, by the one or more processors, the audio output signal to a speaker to cause the speaker to provide sound to the subject in accordance with the constructed audio output signal;
updating, by the one or more processors, for a first time interval and based on a function, at least one parameter of one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal to generate an updated output signal; and
providing, by the one or more processors, the updated output signal to cause one of the light source or the speaker to present the updated output signal.

### Claim 41 (depends on 40)

The method of claim 40, comprising:
selecting, for the first time interval, the first value of the second parameter of the light pattern to update; and
updating, for the first time interval, the first value of the second parameter of the light pattern to a second value to construct the updated output signal, without updating the first parameter and the second parameter of the audio output signal.

### Claim 42 (depends on 40)

The method of claim 40, comprising:
determining, during a first time interval, a level of attention of the subject based on input from the subject;
varying, during a second time interval, the at least one parameter of the audio output signal while keeping the visual output signal constant;
detecting, for the second time interval, an updated level of attention of the subject;
determine that the updated level of attention during the second time interval is greater than the level of attention during the first time interval; and
setting, for a third time interval, a value of the at least one parameter of the audio signal based on the variation to the at least one parameter of the audio signal during the second time interval associated with the updated level of attention greater than the level of attention.

### Claim 43 (depends on 40)

The method of claim 40, comprising:
determining, during a first time interval, a level of attention of the subject based on input from the subject;
varying, during a second time interval, an offset between the visual output signal and the audio output signal;
detecting, for the second time interval, an updated level of attention of the subject;
determining that the updated level of attention during the second time interval is greater than the level of attention during the first time interval; and
setting, for a third time interval, a value of the offset based on based on the variation during the second time interval associated with the updated level of attention greater than the level of attention.

### Claim 44 (depends on 40)

The method of claim 40, comprising:
providing, subsequent to provision of the visual output signal and the audio output signal, a prompt to the subject to obtain feedback, wherein the prompt comprises at least one of a visual prompt, an audio prompt, a tactile prompt, or a survey; and
updating, for the first time interval, the at least one parameter of the one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal based on feedback received responsive to the prompt.

### Claim 45 (depends on 40)

The method of claim 40, comprising:
receiving, from an attentiveness measurement device, an action response of the subject; and
updating, for the first time interval, the at least one parameter of the one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal based on the action response of the subject.

### Claim 46 (depends on 40)

The method of claim 40, comprising:
determining physiological conditions of the subject using a feedback sensor; and
updating, for the first time interval, the at least one parameter of the one of the visual output signal or the audio output signal responsive to the physiological conditions.