Electrochemical cells having one or more multilayer electrodes
AssigneeEnPower, Inc.
InventorsAdrian YAO, Kjell William SCHRODER, Neelam SINGH
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Abstract
Electrochemical cells of the present disclosure may include one or more multilayered electrodes. Each multilayered electrode may be configured such that active materials of the layer closest to the current collector have a lower energy to lithiate per mole, a higher energy to delithiate per mole, a different solid state diffusivity, and/or a different average particle size. This arrangement counteracts, for example, natural gradient fields and undesirable polarization found in standard lithium-ion batteries.
Claims20
An electrochemical cell comprising:
- a first electrode separated from a second electrode by a liquid-permeable separator;
- and
- an electrolyte disposed generally throughout the first and second electrodes;
- the first electrode comprising a first current collector substrate and an active material composite layered onto the first current collector substrate, wherein the active material composite comprises:
- a first layer adjacent the first current collector substrate and including a plurality of first active material particles comprising a silicon oxide, adhered together by a first binder, the first active material particles configured to have a first solid state diffusivity and a first free energy to lithiate per mole;
- and
- a second layer adjacent the liquid-permeable separator and including a plurality of second active material particles configured to have a second solid state diffusivity and a second free energy to lithiate per mole;
- wherein the first solid state diffusivity is greater than the second solid state diffusivity, and the first free energy to lithiate is less than the second free energy to lithiate.
(canceled)
An electrochemical cell comprising:
- a first electrode separated from a second electrode by a liquid-permeable separator;
- and
- an electrolyte disposed generally throughout the first and second electrodes;
- the first electrode comprising a first current collector substrate and an active material composite layered onto the first current collector substrate, wherein the active material composite comprises:
- a first layer adjacent the first current collector substrate and including a plurality of first active material particles comprising a silicon oxide, adhered together by a first binder, the first active material particles configured to have a first solid state diffusivity and a first free energy to delithiate per mole;
- and
- a second layer adjacent the liquid-permeable separator and including a plurality of second active material particles configured to have a second solid state diffusivity and a second free energy to delithiate per mole;
- wherein the first solid state diffusivity is lower than the second solid state diffusivity, and the first free energy to delithiate is greater than the second free energy to delithiate.
(canceled)
An electrode comprising:
- a current collector substrate;
- and
- an active material composite layered onto the substrate, wherein the active material composite comprises:
- a first layer adjacent the current collector substrate and including a plurality of first active material particles comprising silicon and configured to have a first solid state diffusivity and a first energy to lithiate per mole;
- and
- a second layer adjacent the first layer and including a plurality of second active material particles configured to have a second solid state diffusivity and a second energy to lithiate per mole;
- wherein the first solid state diffusivity is greater than the second solid state diffusivity, and the first energy to lithiate per mole is less than the second energy to lithiate per mole.
(canceled)
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.