Geometric Alignment, Sample Motion Correction, and Intensity Normalization of Computed Tomography Projections Using Pi-line Optimization

A computed tomography system comprising:

• a source to provide x-rays;
• a detector to detect x-rays after having passed through or around a sample;
• and
• a controller coupled to control the source and the detector, the controller further including code, that when executed by the controller, cause the controller to:
• acquire a plurality of projections of a sample, each projection of the plurality of projections acquired at a different location around the sample based on a trajectory;
• determine pairs of opposing projections from the plurality of projections based on a respective pi-line;
• and
• determine an amount of inconsistency between respective pi-line data for each pair of opposing projections, wherein the pi-line data is based, at least in part, on measured data.