MIXTURES OF HMOs

A mixture of HMOs consisting essentially of

• 3-FL,
• a component E which is LNT, LNnT or LNFP-I, and
• a component F which is
• LNFP-II when component E is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component E is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component E is LNFP-I.

A process for obtaining a mixture of HMOs consisting essentially of:

• 3-FL,
• a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2′-FL, and
• a component C, which is
• LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or
• DFL when component B is 2′-FL,
• comprising the steps of reacting 3-FL and a component B in the presence of an α1-3/4 transfucosidase to produce a reaction mixture, and then removing lactose and the α1-3/4 transfucosidase from the reaction mixture.

An anti-infective composition for treating bacterial infections comprising, preferably consisting essentially of:

• 3-FL,
• a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2′-FL, and
• a component C, which is:
• LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or
• DFL when component B is 2′-FL.

An anti-infective composition for treating bacterial infections consisting essentially of:

• 3-FL,
• a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2′-FL,
• a component C, which is:
• LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or
• DFL when component B is 2′-FL, and
• lactose.

An anti-infective composition for treating bacterial infections comprising, preferably consisting essentially of:

• DFL,
• a component E which is LNT, LNnT or LNFP-I,
• a component F, which is
• LNFP-II when component E is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component E is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component E is LNFP-I, and
• 2′-FL.

A method of modulating the microbiome of a human to increase Bifidobacterium abundance and Barnesiella abundance, preferably to reduce Firmicutes abundance, especially Clostridia, the method comprising administering, to the human,

• i) a composition comprising, preferably consisting essentially of:
• 3-FL,
• a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2′-FL, and
• a component C, which is:
• LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or
• DFL when component B is 2′-FL;
• or
• ii) a composition consisting essentially of.
• 3-FL,
• a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2′-FL, and
• a component C, which is:
• LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or
• DFL when component B is 2′-FL;
• and
• lactose;
• or
• iii) a composition comprising, preferably consisting essentially of:
• DEL,
• a component E which is LNT, LNnT or LNFP-I,
• a fucosylated component F, which is:
• LNFP-II when component E is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component E is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component E is LNFP-I, and
• 2′-FL.

A method of preventing or treating bacterial infections in human, especially antibiotic resistant bacterial infections, the method comprising administering, to the human,

• i) a composition comprising, preferably consisting essentially of:
• 3-FL,
• a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2′-FL, and
• a component C, which is:
• LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or
• DFL when component B is 2′-FL;
• or
• ii) a composition consisting essentially of.
• 3-FL,
• a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2′-FL, and
• a component C, which is:
• LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or
• DFL when component B is 2′-FL;
• and
• lactose;
• or
• iii) a composition comprising, preferably consisting essentially of:
• DFL,
• a component E which is LNT, LNnT or LNFP-I,
• a fucosylated component F, which is:
• LNFP-II when component E is LNT, or
• LNFP-III when component E is LNnT, or
• LNDFH-I when component E is LNFP-I, and
• 2′-FL.