Determination of a constituent related property of a multi-constituent sample

A method of determining a concentration of a particular constituent in a multi-constituent sample, the method comprising:

• inducing a particular constituent-related perturbation of the multi-constituent sample, the particular constituent-related perturbation associated with the particular constituent of the multi-constituent sample, such that the particular constituent-related perturbation causes a change related to the particular constituent in the multi-constituent sample, the change manifesting as a change in a property of electromagnetic waves interacting with the multi-constituent sample;
• directing an electromagnetic wave through the multi-constituent sample, separately from inducing the particular constituent-related perturbation of the multi-constituent sample, such that the electromagnetic wave interacts with the multi-constituent sample to establish a post-interaction electromagnetic wave;
• implementing a plurality of detections of a property of the post-interaction electromagnetic wave over a period of time following the inducing of the particular constituent-related perturbation to generate a time-series of perturbation-dependent measurement data associated with the concentration of the particular constituent in the multi-constituent sample, such that the perturbation-dependent measurement data is time-varying based on the particular constituent-related perturbation of the multi-constituent sample over the period of time;
• and
• determining a quantitative value of the concentration of the particular constituent in the multi-constituent sample based on applying the time-series of perturbation-dependent measurement data to a calibration association of values of the concentration of the particular constituent with corresponding time-series of perturbation-dependent measurement data.