# US 2019/0246248 A1 · Equal distance different members node placement method and system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2019/0246248 A1 - Document ID: US20190246248A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/892,143 - Filed: 2018-02-08 - Published: 2019-08-08 - Earliest claimed: 2018-02-08 - Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals - Applicants: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals - Inventors: Uthman BAROUDI; Abdullatif ALBASEER; Shokri SELIM - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190246248A1 ## CPC - H04B 17/3912: {Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region} - H04W 4/38: for collecting sensor information - H04B 17/18: Monitoring during normal operation - H04W 24/02: Arrangements for optimising operational condition - H04W 52/22: taking into account previous information or commands - H04W 84/20: Leader-follower arrangements - H04W 52/225: {Calculation of statistics, e.g. average or variance} - H04W 52/228: {using past power values or information} - H04W 84/18: Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract The present disclosure relates to a clustering approach for sensor nodes of a wireless sensor network. This clustering approach, equal distance different members, balances the power burden amongst sensor nodes by deriving an optimal number of sensor nodes at each segment of a length. To this end, the present disclosure describes a linear wireless sensor network wherein the distance between adjacent cluster heads is equal while the number of and distance between sensor nodes in each cluster is different. A power consumption model is derived to aid in the determination of the optimal number of sensor nodes within each cluster. Following evaluation of the cluster approach in comparison with previously described approaches, the present disclosure is observed to improve network longevity and reduce power consumption by deliberately increasing the density of sensor nodes nearest a base station. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for placement of transmitting nodes of a wireless network, comprising: positioning a plurality of clusters of one or more transmitting nodes along a linear path, wherein the distance between each cluster of the plurality of clusters is equal; determining the power consumption of a distal cluster of one or more transmitting nodes, positioned furthest from a proximal cluster of one more transmitting nodes, wherein the power consumption of the distal cluster is based upon state variables of the transmitting nodes; determining a number of transmitting nodes in the distal cluster of one or more transmitting nodes based upon the power consumption of the distal cluster of one or more transmitting nodes, the number of transmitting nodes determined to maximize lifetime; determining the power consumption of a subsequent cluster of one or more transmitting nodes, wherein the power consumption of the subsequent cluster is based upon state variables of the transmitting nodes; and determining a number of transmitting nodes in the subsequent cluster of one or more transmitting nodes based upon the power consumption of the subsequent cluster of one or more transmitting nodes, the number of transmitting nodes determined to maximize lifetime. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising assigning equal distances between the one or more transmitting nodes within each cluster of the plurality of clusters. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising assigning each of the one or more transmitting nodes to one of the plurality of clusters, wherein each of the one or more transmitting nodes communicates only within an assigned cluster of the plurality of clusters. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a first head transmitting node of each of the plurality of clusters of one or more transmitting nodes. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the first head transmitting node of each of the plurality of clusters of one more transmitting nodes is configured to receive intra-cluster and inter-cluster transmissions and forward inter-cluster transmissions. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, further comprising selecting a subsequent head transmitting node of each of the plurality of clusters of one more transmitting nodes, the subsequent head transmitting node selected when an energy level of the first head transmitting node reaches a predetermined level. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined level of the energy level comprises a minimum energy level required for transmission. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the distance between each of the plurality of clusters is defined by a predetermined fidelity range, the fidelity range based upon a maximum transmission range and a minimum number of transmitting nodes required to achieve a predetermined level of fidelity. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the number of transmitting nodes of a proximal cluster of one or more transmitting nodes is greater than or equal to the number of transmitting nodes of an adjacent, distal cluster of one or more transmitting nodes. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein state variables of the transmitting nodes include energy capacity, transmission power, and transmission range. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein lifetime is expressed as LT i = 2 × k i × E budget P T × k  ( k - 1 ) + P R  ( k - 1 )  ( k - 2 ) + 2  f i , where Ebudget is the initial capacity of the transmitting node battery, k is the number of transmitting nodes of each cluster i, PT is transmission power, PR is receiving power, and fi is the power consumption of the head transmitting node of each cluster i. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the number of transmitting nodes of each cluster of the plurality of clusters is bounded by an inequality expressed as 1 4 + 2  ( P R + f ) ( P T + P R ) - 1 2 ≤ k * ≤ 1 4 + 2  ( P R + f ) ( P T + P R ) + 1 2 , where k* is the number of transmitting nodes of each cluster, PT is transmission power, PR is receiving power, and fi is the power consumption of the head transmitting node of each cluster. ### Claim 13 A wireless network, comprising: a plurality of clusters of transmitting nodes positioned along a linear path, wherein the number of transmitting nodes of a proximal cluster of the plurality of clusters is greater than or equal to the number of transmitting nodes of an adjacent, distal cluster of the plurality of clusters; and a base station at a proximal end of the linear path and connected to a processing unit, wherein the processing unit includes processing circuitry configured to receive a transmission from the plurality of clusters of transmitting nodes. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The wireless network of claim 13, further comprising a selected transmitting node head, the transmitting node head configured to receive intra-cluster and inter-cluster transmissions and forward intra-cluster and inter-cluster transmissions. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The wireless network of claim 14, further comprising a selected subsequent head transmitting node of each of the plurality of clusters of one more transmitting nodes, the subsequent head transmitting node selected when an energy level of the first head transmitting node reaches a predetermined level. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The wireless network of claim 15, wherein the predetermined level of the energy level comprises a minimum energy level required for transmission. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The wireless network of claim 13, wherein the transmitting nodes within each cluster of transmitting nodes are equally distributed. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The wireless network of claim 13, wherein the number of the transmitting nodes of each cluster of the plurality of clusters is based upon the power consumption of the transmitting nodes of each cluster of the plurality of clusters, the number of transmitting nodes determined to maximize lifetime. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The wireless network of claim 18, wherein the power consumption of the transmitting nodes of each cluster of the plurality of clusters is based upon state variables of the transmitting nodes including energy capacity, transmission power, and transmission range. ### Claim 20 (depends on 13) The wireless network of claim 13, wherein the distance between each of the plurality of clusters of transmitting nodes is defined by a predetermined fidelity range, the fidelity range based upon a maximum transmission range and a minimum number of transmitting nodes required to achieve a predetermined level of fidelity.