Fluorescent dye and preparation method and use thereof

A fluorescent dye, having a structure represented by formula (I):

• wherein,
• D- is X0O— or N(X1)(X2)—;
• X0, X1, and X2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group and a modified alkyl group;
• X1 and X2 are optionally linked to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic heterocyclic ring;
• the ring B is selected from at least one consisting of an aromatic ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring;
• in the structure of the following formula (I-2) formed by condensing the ring B with a thiophene ring, each hydrogen atom contained therein is optionally replaced independently with a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a nitro group, a hydrophilic group, an alkyl group, and a modified alkyl group, the substituents being optionally linked to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic or alicyclic heterocyclic ring;
• optionally, the structure of the formula (I-2) is interlinked to X1, X2 to form an alicyclic heterocyclic ring;
• R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a hydrophilic group, or a modified alkyl group;
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxyl, a keto group, an ester group, an amide group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphonate group, a sulfonic group, a sulfonate group, a sulfone group, a sulfoxide group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, an alkyl group, or a modified alkyl group;
• R3 is a cyano group;
• the structural moiety of the following formula (I-3) in the formula (I):
• optionally forms a cyclic structure of the following formulae (I-3-a) or (I-3-b):
• wherein, Ra and Rb are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group, and a modified alkyl group, and Ra and Rb are optionally bonded to each other to form an alicyclic or alicyclic heterocyclic ring;
• Rc and Rd are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, a halogen atom, nitro, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a hydrophilic group, and a modified alkyl group;
• Y1 is selected from the groups consisting of —O—, —S—, —(S═O)—, and —(NRi)—, wherein Ri is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group, and a modified alkyl group;
• Y2 is selected from the group consisting of ═O, ═S, ═S═O, and ═NRi, wherein Ri is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group, and a modified alkyl group;
• Y3 is selected from the group consisting of ═O, ═S, ═S═O, and ═NRi, wherein Ri is selected from the groups consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group, and a modified alkyl group, or
• Y3 is ═C(Re)(CN);
• Re is selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxyl, a keto group, an ester group, an amide group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphonate group, a sulfonic group, a sulfonate group, a sulfone group, a sulfoxide group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, an alkyl group, or a modified alkyl group;
• when R2 or Re is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, the hydrogen atom on the ring is optionally replaced independently with a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, nitro, a hydrophilic group, an alkyl group or a modified alkyl group;
• optionally, the substituents being linked to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic or alicyclic heterocyclic ring;
• wherein,
• the alkyl group is a saturated aliphatic linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• the modified alkyl group is a group obtained by replacing any carbon atom of the alkyl group with at least one group selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, —O—, —OH, —CO—, —NO2, —CN, —S—, —SO2—, —(S═O)—,
• phenylene, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium group, a saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic cyclohydrocarbylene group, a bridged alicyclic heterocyclic ring;
• the modified alkyl group has 1 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein the carbon-carbon single bond is optionally replaced independently by a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon tripe bond;
• the alicyclic ring is a four to ten-membered monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic ring;
• the alicyclic heteroalicyclic ring is a four to ten-membered monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic heteroalicyclic ring with at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, S and Si on the ring;
• when the alicyclic heteroalicyclic ring contains an S atom, it is optionally —SO— or —SO2—;
• the alicyclic heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with a halogen atom, nitro, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a hydrophilic group, and a modified alkyl group;
• the aryl group or the aromatic ring is a five to ten-membered monocyclic or condensed bicyclic ring;
• the heteroaryl or the aromatic heterocyclic ring is a five to ten-membered monocyclic or condensed bicyclic ring with at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, S and Si on the ring;
• the halogen atoms are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I;
• the hydrophilic group is hydroxyl, a sulfonic group, a sulphuric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group or a tertiary amino group and substituendum thereof;
• the monocyclic cyclohydrocarbylene group is a four to seven-membered monocyclic cyclohydrocarbylene group;
• the bicyclic cyclohydrocarbylene group is a five to seven-membered bicyclic cyclohydrocarbylene group;
• the bridged alicyclic heterocyclic ring is a five to twenty-membered bridged alicyclic heterocyclic ring having at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S on the ring.