# US 2019/0173537 A1 · Mitigating beam squint in millimeter wave wireless communication systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2019/0173537 A1 - Document ID: US20190173537A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 16/209,254 - Filed: 2018-12-04 - Published: 2019-06-06 - Earliest claimed: 2017-12-04 - Assignees: University of Notre Dame du Lac - Applicants: University of Notre Dame Du Lac - Inventors: Mingming Cai; J. Nicholas Nicholas Laneman; Bertrand Hochwald - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190173537A1 ## CPC - H04B 7/0465: {taking power constraints at power amplifier or emission constraints, e.g. constant modulus, into account} - H01Q 21/061: {Two dimensional planar arrays} - H04B 7/0408: using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity - H04B 7/0608: {Antenna selection according to transmission parameters} - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04B 7/0663: {using vector or matrix manipulations} - H04W 16/28: using beam steering - H04J 2011/0009: {with FDM/FDMA} - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S) ## Abstract A method for managing beam squint in a phased antenna array system operating at millimeter wavelengths using carrier aggregation includes determining a minimum array gain threshold, determining an upper bound for a fractional bandwidth for a fixed number of antennas, and constructing a codebook with a predetermined coverage range based on at least one of an angle of arrival or an angle of departure and further based on the upper bound. The method further includes performing carrier aggregation for the fixed number of antennas and selecting at least two antennas based on the codebook. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of managing beam squint, comprising: determining a minimum array gain threshold; determining an upper bound for a fractional bandwidth for a fixed number of antennas; constructing a codebook with a predetermined coverage range: based on at least one of an angle of arrival or an angle of departure and further based on the upper bound; performing carrier aggregation for the fixed number of antennas; and selecting at least two antennas based on the codebook. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein multiple bands selected for carrier aggregation further comprises: optimizing the fixed number of number of antennas; optimizing the fractional bandwidth for the fixed number of antennas; optimizing a magnitude of a beam focus angle; and determining a critical band separation. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier aggregation utilizes one-sided beam squint. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the one-sided beam squint is applied to two-sided beam squint. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein multiple bands are selected for carrier aggregation. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein the multiple bands selected for carrier aggregation are contiguous. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein the multiple bands selected for carrier aggregation are non-contiguous. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein codebook size is correlated with the minimum array gain threshold. ### Claim 9 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the at least two antennas are a phased array. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the phased array is a uniform linear array. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the phased array is a uniform planar array. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two antennas operate at millimeter wavelengths. ### Claim 13 An apparatus for managing beam squint, comprising: an antenna group, in communication with a transmitter and receiver; a frequency phase shifter in communication with each antenna in the antenna group, the phase shifter acting in concert in response to commands; a memory in communication with the antenna group; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: select antennas from the group of antennas based on a codebook stored in the memory, the codebook configured to perform carrier aggregations; and issue commands to the antenna group. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the antenna group is a millimeter wavelength antenna group. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each antenna in the antenna group is in one-to-one communication with one of a group of frequency phase shifters. ### Claim 16 A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, which when performed by a processor, cause the processor to: determine a minimum array gain threshold; determine an upper bound for a fractional bandwidth for a fixed number of antennas; construct a codebook with a predetermined coverage range: based on at least one of an angle of arrival or an angle of departure and further based on the upper bound; perform carrier aggregation for the fixed number of antennas; and select at least two antennas based on the codebook. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein codebook size is correlated with the minimum array gain threshold. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the at least two antennas are controlled by instructions from a codebook, and a single set of instructions controls the group of antennas. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the at least two antennas are a phased array. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the phased array is a uniform linear array. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the phased array is a uniform planar array. ### Claim 22 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the at least two antennas operate at a millimeter wavelengths. ### Claim 23 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to select the codebook from a group of codebooks. ### Claim 24 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to: optimize the fixed number of antennas; optimize the fractional bandwidth for the fixed number of antennas; optimize a magnitude of a beam focus angle; and determine a critical band separation.