# US 2019/0173413 A1 · Motor module, motor controller, temperature inferring device, and temperature inference method

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- Number: US 2019/0173413 A1
- Document ID: US20190173413A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/251,269
- Filed: 2019-01-18
- Published: 2019-06-06
- Earliest claimed: 2016-07-21
- Assignees: Nidec Corporation
- Applicants: Nidec Corporation
- Inventors: Kar Foong LIAN; Huaxin GU
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190173413A1

## CPC

- H02P 29/64: Controlling or determining the temperature of the winding
- G01K 7/00: Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat (giving results other than momentary value of temperature G01K3/00) {; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements}
- G01K 7/427: {Temperature calculation based on spatial modeling, e.g. spatial inter- or extrapolation}
- H02P 21/14: Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
- H02P 21/141: {Flux estimation}
- H02P 21/26: Rotor flux based control
- H02P 29/662: {the rotor having permanent magnets (H02P29/67 takes precedence)}
- H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- G01K: MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (radiation pyrometry G01J5/00)

## Abstract

A method to infer a temperature of windings in a stator of an electric motor includes repeating processing to infer electric resistance and temperature of the windings. The processing includes calculating a tentative electric resistance of the windings according to an equation that defines a relationship between electric resistance and a group of parameters; calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and electric resistance inferred last time; detecting a change in a load state according to the parameters; inferring the electric resistance by adding the integrated value of calculated resistance differences to the initial value of the inferred electric resistance; and inferring the temperature of the windings according to the inferred electric resistance. In the inferring the electric resistance, a resistance difference calculated when a change in the load state is detected is excluded from the integrated value.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A motor module comprising:
an electric motor including a rotor and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings;
a current sensor to monitor current, each of which flows in one of the plurality of windings;
a rotor angle inferring circuit to generate a rotor position signal that indicates an angular position of the rotor; and
a motor control circuit connected to the electric motor to control a rotation of the rotor by applying a voltage to the plurality of windings; wherein
the motor control circuit includes a temperature inferring circuit that repeats processing to infer an electric resistance and a temperature of the plurality of windings;
the processing repeated by the temperature inferring circuit includes:
calculating a tentative electric resistance of the plurality of windings according to an equation that defines a relationship between an electric resistance and a group of parameters that include a voltage, a current, and a rotor speed, the parameters being used to control the rotation of the rotor;
calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and an electric resistance inferred last time;
inferring the electric resistance by adding an integrated value of calculated resistance differences to an initial value of the inferred electric resistance, a resistance difference, which is one of the calculated resistance differences, being excluded from the integrated value if the resistance difference exceeds a threshold; and
inferring the temperature of the plurality of windings according to the inferred electric resistance.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The motor module according to claim 1, wherein, of the calculated resistance differences, the resistance difference calculated at a time when a difference between a current value and a last value of the current or the rotor speed exceeds a threshold is excluded from the integrated value.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The motor module according to claim 1, wherein
the electric motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor; and
the motor control circuit controls the rotation of the rotor by applying a voltage to the plurality of windings according to a field-oriented control algorithm.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The motor module according to claim 3, wherein the temperature inferring circuit infers the tentative electric resistance at each time according to an equation:
Rw=(Vq−ωeLdId−Ψeωe)/Iq
where Rw is the tentative electric resistance, Vq is a q-axis voltage, ωe is an electric angular speed of the rotor, Id is a d-axis current, Iq is a q-axis current, Ld is a d-axis inductance of the plurality of windings, and ψe is a magnetic flux linkage of the plurality of winding due to a magnetic flux from the rotor.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The motor module according to claim 3, wherein the temperature inferring circuit infers the tentative electric resistance at each time according to an equation:
Rw=(Vq−ωeLdId−Ψeωe)/Iq+f(Iq,ωe)
where Rw is the tentative electric resistance, Vq is a q-axis voltage, ωe is an electric angular speed of the rotor, Id is a d-axis current, Iq is a q-axis current, Ld is a d-axis inductance of the plurality of windings, ψe is a magnetic flux linkage of the plurality of winding due to a magnetic flux from the rotor, and f(Id, ωe) is a function of Iq and ωe.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The motor module according to claim 5, wherein the temperature inferring circuit infers the tentative electric resistance at each time according to an equation:
Rw=(Vq−ωeLdId−Ψeωe)/Iq+α(ωe−ω0)
where α is a parameter that depends on Iq and ωe and that ω0 is the electric angular speed of the rotor in a reference state.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The motor module according to claim 4, wherein
Vq is a voltage command value determined by the control circuit; and
Id and Iq are calculated according to a plurality of currents monitored by the current sensor and to the rotor position signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The motor module according to claim 1, wherein the temperature inferring circuit determines the initial value of the inferred electric resistance according to the equation.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The motor module according to claim 1, wherein if the inferred temperature exceeds a threshold, the motor control circuit reduces the rotor speed.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The motor module according to claim 1, wherein the inferring the electric resistance includes:
deciding whether a load state is similar to a reference state according to the group of parameters; and
if the load state is similar to the reference state, inferring the calculated tentative electric resistance as the electric resistance and updating the initial value of the inferred electric resistance with a value of the tentative electric resistance.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The motor module according to claim 1, wherein the temperature inferring circuit:
repeats the processing in a first cycle, the first cycle being longer than a second cycle in which the group of parameters are calculated;
obtains an average of each of the parameters over the first cycle; and
calculates the tentative electric resistance by using the average of each of the parameters.

### Claim 12

A motor controller that controls an electric motor including a rotor and a stator that includes a plurality of windings, the motor controller comprising:
a temperature inferring circuit that repeats processing to infer an electric resistance and a temperature of the plurality of windings; wherein
the motor controller controls a rotation of the rotor by applying a voltage to the plurality of windings;
the processing repeated by the temperature inferring circuit includes:
calculating a tentative electric resistance of the plurality of windings according to an equation that defines a relationship between an electric resistance and a group of parameters that include a voltage, a current, and a rotor speed, the parameters being used to control the rotation of the rotor;
calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and an electric resistance inferred last time;
inferring the electric resistance by adding an integrated value of calculated resistance differences to an initial value of the inferred electric resistance, a resistance difference, which is one of the calculated resistance differences, being excluded from the integrated value if the resistance difference exceeds a threshold; and
inferring the temperature of the plurality of windings according to the inferred electric resistance.

### Claim 13

A temperature inferring unit used in a motor controller that controls an electric motor including a rotor and a stator that includes a plurality of windings;
the motor controller controls a rotation of the rotor by applying a voltage to the plurality of windings;
the temperature inferring unit repeats processing to infer an electric resistance and a temperature of the plurality of windings; and
the processing repeated by the temperature inferring unit includes:
calculating a tentative electric resistance of the plurality of windings according to an equation that defines a relationship between an electric resistance and a group of parameters that include a voltage, a current, and a rotor speed, the parameters being used to control the rotation of the rotor;
calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and an electric resistance inferred last time;
inferring the electric resistance by adding an integrated value of calculated resistance differences to an initial value of the inferred electric resistance, a resistance difference, which is one of the calculated resistance differences, being excluded from the integrated value if the resistance difference exceeds a threshold; and
inferring the temperature of the plurality of windings according to the inferred electric resistance.

### Claim 14

A method of inferring a temperature of a plurality of windings in a stator of an electric motor, the method comprising:
repeating processing to infer an electric resistance and a temperature of the plurality of windings; wherein
the processing includes:
calculating a tentative electric resistance of the plurality of windings according to an equation that defines a relationship between an electric resistance and a group of parameters that include a voltage, a current, and a rotor speed, the parameters being used to control the rotation of the rotor;
calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and an electric resistance inferred last time;
inferring the electric resistance by adding an integrated value of calculated resistance differences to an initial value of the inferred electric resistance, a resistance difference, which is one of the calculated resistance differences, being excluded from the integrated value if the resistance difference exceeds a threshold; and
inferring the temperature of the plurality of windings according to the inferred electric resistance.

### Claim 15

A motor module comprising:
an electric motor including a rotor and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings;
a current sensor to monitor currents, each of which flows in one of the plurality of windings;
a rotor angle inferring circuit to create a rotor position signal that indicates an angular position of the rotor; and
a motor control circuit connected to the electric motor to control a rotation of the rotor by applying a voltage to the plurality of windings; wherein
the motor control circuit includes a temperature inferring circuit that repeats processing to infer an electric resistance and a temperature of the plurality of windings; and
the processing repeated by the temperature inferring circuit includes:
calculating a tentative electric resistance of the plurality of windings according to an equation that defines a relationship between an electric resistance and a group of parameters that include a voltage, a current, and a rotor speed, the parameters being used to control the rotation of the rotor;
calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and an electric resistance inferred last time;
detecting a change in a load state according to the group of parameters;
inferring the electric resistance by adding an integrated value of calculated resistance differences to an initial value of the inferred electric resistance, a resistance difference, which is one of the calculated resistance differences, being excluded from the integrated value if the resistance difference is calculated when a change in the load state is detected; and
inferring the temperature of the plurality of windings according to the inferred electric resistance.

### Claim 16

A motor controller that controls an electric motor including a rotor and a stator that includes a plurality of windings, the motor controller comprising:
a temperature inferring circuit that repeats processing to infer an electric resistance and a temperature of the plurality of windings; wherein
the motor controller controls a rotation of the rotor by applying a voltage to the plurality of windings; and
the processing repeated by the temperature inferring circuit includes:
calculating a tentative electric resistance of the plurality of windings according to an equation that defines a relationship between an electric resistance and a group of parameters that include a voltage, a current, and a rotor speed, the parameters being used to control the rotation of the rotor;
calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and an electric resistance inferred last time;
detecting a change in a load state according to the group of parameters;
inferring the electric resistance by adding an integrated value of calculated resistance differences to an initial value of the inferred electric resistance, a resistance difference, which is one of the calculated resistance differences, being excluded from the integrated value if the resistance difference is calculated when a change in the load state is detected; and
inferring the temperature of the plurality of windings according to the inferred electric resistance.

### Claim 17

A temperature inferring unit used in a motor controller that controls an electric motor including a rotor and a stator that includes a plurality of windings, the motor controller comprising:
a temperature inferring circuit that repeats processing to infer an electric resistance and a temperature of the plurality of windings; wherein
the motor controller controls a rotation of the rotor by applying a voltage to the plurality of windings; and
the processing repeated by the temperature inferring circuit includes:
calculating a tentative electric resistance of the plurality of windings according to an equation that defines a relationship between an electric resistance and a group of parameters that include a voltage, a current, and a rotor speed, the parameters being used to control the rotation of the rotor;
calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and an electric resistance inferred last time;
detecting a change in a load state according to the group of parameters;
inferring the electric resistance by adding an integrated value of calculated resistance differences to an initial value of the inferred electric resistance, a resistance difference, which is one of the calculated resistance differences, being excluded from the integrated value if the resistance difference is calculated when a change in the load state is detected, and
a step of inferring the temperature of the plurality of windings according to the inferred electric resistance.

### Claim 18

A method of inferring a temperature of a plurality of windings in a stator of an electric motor, the method comprising:
repeating processing to infer an electric resistance and a temperature of the plurality of windings including:
calculating a tentative electric resistance of the plurality of windings according to an equation that stipulates a relationship between an electric resistance and a group of parameters that include a voltage, a current, and a rotor speed, the parameters being used to control the rotation of the rotor;
calculating a resistance difference between the tentative electric resistance and an electric resistance inferred last time;
detecting a change in a load state according to the group of parameters;
inferring the electric resistance by adding an integrated value of calculated resistance differences to an initial value of the inferred electric resistance, a resistance difference, which is one of the calculated resistance differences, being excluded from the integrated value if the resistance difference is calculated when a change in the load state is detected; and
inferring the temperature of the plurality of windings according to the inferred electric resistance.