# US 2019/0170513 A1 · Magnetic nanoparticle-based gyroscopic sensor

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- Number: US 2019/0170513 A1
- Document ID: US20190170513A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/258,881
- Filed: 2019-01-28
- Published: 2019-06-06
- Earliest claimed: 2016-07-29
- Assignees: The Board of Trustees of Western Michigan University
- Applicants: The Board of Trustees of Western Michigan University
- Inventors: Brian G. Krug; Johnson A. Asumadu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190170513A1

## CPC

- G01C 19/24: using magnetic or electrostatic fields
- B82Y 30/00: Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
- G01C 19/00: Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01D 5/2066: {by movement of a single coil with respect to a single other coil}
- G01R 19/16547: {voltage or current in AC supplies (switching for protection H02H; circuits for emergency power supply H02J9/00)}
- H01F 1/0045: {Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use (preparation of fullerenes in general C01B32/15)}
- H01F 1/447: {characterised by magnetoviscosity, e.g. magnetorheological, magnetothixotropic, magnetodilatant liquids (electrorheological fluids C10M171/001)}
- H01F 7/20: without armatures (cores H01F3/00; coils H01F5/00 {; shaping metal by applying magnetic forces B21D26/14; electromagnets specially adapted for NMR applications G01R33/381})
- B82Y 25/00: Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
- G01C: MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY (measuring liquid level G01F; radio navigation, determining distance or velocity by use of propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effects, propagation time, of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S)
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- G01D: MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H01F: MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

## Abstract

A gyroscopic detection system utilizes magnetic nanoparticles that are suspended in a solution and exposed to a rotating magnetic field. The nanoparticles experience angular deviation from their axes if an external force is applied to the system. Solution composition and oscillation frequency may be varied to optimize the gyroscopic feedback.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A sensor comprising:
a container;
a liquid disposed in the container;
a plurality of magnetic particles disposed in the liquid, the magnetic particles defining magnetic poles and moments of inertia;
an electrical power source providing alternating electrical current;
a plurality of conductive coils operably corrected to the electrical power source such that electrical current passing through the conductive coils generates a rotating magnetic field acting on the magnetic particles and causing the magnetic particles to rotate with the magnetic field whereby the particles define axes of rotation;
and wherein angular movement of the coils causes angular movement of the magnetic field, thereby generating a force causing the orientations of the axes of rotation of the particles to change, thereby causing a change in the alternating current to the conductive coils that can be utilized to determine at least one of angular position, angular movement, and angular acceleration of the coils.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The sensor of claim 1, wherein:
the magnetic particles comprise nanoparticles.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The sensor of claim 1, wherein:
the container defines a cuboid rectangular inner cavity.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The sensor of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of coils comprises first and second coils disposed about first and second axis, respectively, and wherein the first and second axes are transverse relative to each other.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The sensor of claim 4, wherein:
the first and second axes are orthogonal relative to each other.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The sensor of claim 4, wherein:
the electrical power source provides first and second alternating currents to the first and second coils, respectively, and wherein the first and second alternating currents are 90° out of phase.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The sensor of claim 6, including:
a current sensor configured to measure changes in the first and second alternating currents.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The sensor of claim 7, including:
a processor operably connected to the current sensor, wherein the processor is configured to determine a magnitude of the angular movement of the coils utilizing measured changes in the first and second alternating currents.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The sensor of claim 8, including:
a display operably connected to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to cause the display to display information concerning the angular movement of the sensor.

### Claim 10

A method of sensing angular movement, comprising:
providing a plurality of magnetic particles disposed in a liquid, the magnetic particles defining magnetic poles and moments of inertia;
generating a rotating magnetic field acting on the magnetic particles by causing an electrical current to pass through at least one conductive coil to cause the magnetic particles to rotate with the magnetic field to define axes of rotation;
determining a magnitude of an angular movement of the at least one conductive coil utilizing a change in the electrical current to the at least one conductive coil.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein:
the magnetic particles comprise nanoparticles.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein:
the liquid is disposed in a container having a cuboid rectangular inner cavity.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein:
the at least one coil comprises first and second coils disposed about first and second axes, respectively, and wherein the first and second axes are transverse relative to each other.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, including:
orienting the first and second axes such that the axes are orthogonal relative to each other.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein:
the electrical power source provides first and second alternating currents to the first and second coils, respectively, and wherein the first and second alternating currents are 90° out of phase.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, including:
utilizing a current sensor to measure changes in the first and second alternating currents.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, including:
utilizing a processor that is operably connected to the current sensor to determine a magnitude of the angular movement of the coils utilizing measured changes in the first and second alternating currents.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, including:
displaying information concerning the angular movement of the sensor utilizing a display that is operably connected to the processor.