# US 2019/0170046 A1 · Conversion of carbon dioxide from vehicle exhaust to liquid fuels and fuel additives

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 2019/0170046 A1
- Document ID: US20190170046A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 15/828,887
- Filed: 2017-12-01
- Published: 2019-06-06
- Earliest claimed: 2017-12-01
- Assignees: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Applicants: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Inventors: Esam Z. Hamad; Husain A. Baaqel
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190170046A1

## CPC

- F01N 3/36: Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
- B01D 53/62: Carbon oxides
- B01D 53/8671: {Removing components of defined structure not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8668}
- C07C 1/12: from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
- C07C 31/04: Methanol
- C10G 2/50: {from carbon dioxide with hydrogen}
- C10L 1/16: Hydrocarbons
- C10L 1/18: containing oxygen
- C25B 1/04: by electrolysis of water
- B01D 2251/102: Oxygen
- B01D 2251/202: Hydrogen
- B01D 2258/012: Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
- B01D 2258/018: Natural gas engines
- B01D 2259/4566: for use in transportation means
- C10G 2400/02: Gasoline
- C10G 2400/04: Diesel oil
- C10L 2290/02: Combustion or pyrolysis
- C10L 2290/04: Gasification
- C10L 2290/06: Heat exchange, direct or indirect
- C10L 2290/10: Recycling of a stream within the process or apparatus to reuse elsewhere therein
- C10L 2290/24: Mixing, stirring of fuel components
- C10L 2290/36: Applying radiation such as microwave, IR, UV
- C10L 2290/38: Applying an electric field or inclusion of electrodes in the apparatus
- C10L 2290/46: Compressors or pumps
- C10L 2290/562: Modular or modular elements containing apparatus
- C10L 2290/567: Mobile or displaceable apparatus
- Y02C 20/40: of CO2
- Y02E 60/36: Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
- Y02P 20/133: Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
- Y02P 20/141: Feedstock
- Y02P 20/151: Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
- F01N: GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K13/00; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M35/00; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K11/16)
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- C07C: ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C10G: CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C25B: ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR (anodic or cathodic protection C23F13/00; single-crystal growth C30B)
- Y02C: CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

## Abstract

Embodiments of a system for on-site conversion of carbon dioxide from vehicle exhaust to liquid fuels and fuel additives comprise a carbon dioxide collection system, an external power source, an electrolyzer, and a carbon dioxide conversion system. The carbon dioxide collection system interfaces with a mobile carbon dioxide capture system onboard a vehicle to transfer CO2 captured from vehicle exhaust to a vessel in the carbon dioxide collection system. The external power source provides the energy required for operation of the carbon dioxide conversion system and the electrolyzer. The electrolyzer separates a water feed into hydrogen and oxygen to generate a hydrogen feed and an oxygen feed. The carbon dioxide conversion system converts the CO2 collected from the exhaust of the vehicles and delivered to the carbon dioxide collection system and the hydrogen feed from the electrolyzer into useful liquid fuels and fuel additives through electrochemical reduction.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for conversion of carbon dioxide from vehicle exhaust to liquid fuels and fuel additives,
the system comprising:
a carbon dioxide collection system,
an external power source,
an electrolyzer, and
a carbon dioxide conversion system, wherein
the carbon dioxide collection system interfaces with a mobile carbon dioxide capture system onboard a vehicle to transfer CO2 captured from vehicle exhaust to a vessel in the carbon dioxide collection system;
the external power source provides the energy required for operation of the carbon dioxide conversion system and the electrolyzer;
the electrolyzer separates a water feed into hydrogen and oxygen to generate a hydrogen feed and an oxygen feed; and
the carbon dioxide conversion system converts the CO2 collected from the exhaust of the vehicles and delivered to the carbon dioxide collection system and the hydrogen feed from the electrolyzer into useful liquid fuels and fuel additives through electrochemical reduction.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the system further comprises a liquid fuel blending system, the liquid fuel blending system comprising one or more mixing units which combine the liquid fuels and fuel additives produced by the carbon dioxide conversion system in various ratios or combine one or more of the liquid fuels and fuel additives produced by the carbon dioxide conversion system with one or more traditional fossil fuels in various ratios.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2 wherein one or more products of the carbon dioxide conversion system are mixed with diesel fuel to produce a high-cetane diesel.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2 wherein one or more products of the carbon dioxide conversion system are mixed with gasoline to produce a high-octane gasoline.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2 wherein dimethyl ether and methanol from the carbon dioxide conversion system are mixed to form a mid-octane liquid fuel.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the external power source comprises non-fossil energy.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the carbon dioxide conversion system utilizes a catalyst to drive the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to liquid fuels and fuel additives.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the system further comprises an oxidation reactor configured to oxidize original fuels, liquid fuels generated by the carbon dioxide conversion system, or a mixture of both into products with a greater octane or greater cetane.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8 wherein the oxidation reactor utilizes the oxygen feed generated in the electrolyzer as an oxidizing agent to oxidize the original fuels, the liquid fuels and fuel additives generated by the carbon dioxide conversion system, or the mixture of both into products with a greater octane or greater cetane.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8 wherein thermal energy released by the oxidation of fuels in the oxidation reactor is utilized to reduce the energy demands of the external power source.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10 wherein the thermal energy is utilized directly in the carbon dioxide conversion system for the chemical conversion of CO2 in reactions that require heat for initiation to reduce or eliminate the need for alternative supplemental heat.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10 wherein the thermal energy is utilized indirectly to operate a generator to generate electrical power to augment the external power source.

### Claim 13

A system for conversion of carbon dioxide from vehicle exhaust to liquid fuels and fuel additives, the system comprising:
a carbon dioxide collection system,
an external power source,
a carbon dioxide conversion system, and
a liquid fuel blending system, wherein
the carbon dioxide collection system interfaces with a mobile carbon dioxide capture system onboard a vehicle to transfer CO2 captured from vehicle exhaust to a vessel in the carbon dioxide collection system;
the external power source provides the energy required for operation of the carbon dioxide conversion system;
the carbon dioxide conversion system converts the CO2 collected from the exhaust of the vehicles and delivered to the carbon dioxide collection into useful liquid fuels and fuel additives through electrochemical reduction; and
the liquid fuel blending system comprising one or more mixing units which combine the liquid fuels and fuel additives produced by the carbon dioxide conversion system in various ratios or combine one or more of the liquid fuels and fuel additives produced by the carbon dioxide conversion system with one or more traditional fossil fuels in various ratios.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13 wherein one or more products of the carbon dioxide conversion system are mixed with diesel fuel to produce a high-cetane diesel.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13 wherein one or more products of the carbon dioxide conversion system are mixed with gasoline to produce a high-octane gasoline.

### Claim 16 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13 wherein dimethyl ether and methanol from the carbon dioxide conversion system are mixed to form a mid-octane liquid fuel.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13 wherein the external power source comprises non-fossil energy.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17 wherein the external power source comprises one or more of an on-site wind power generator, an on-site photovoltaic array, or an on-site hydroelectric generator.

### Claim 19 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13 wherein the system further comprises an oxidation reactor configured to oxidize original fuels, liquid fuels and fuel additives generated by the carbon dioxide conversion system, or a mixture of both into products with a greater octane or greater cetane.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The system of claim 19 wherein thermal energy released by the oxidation of fuels in the oxidation reactor is utilized to reduce the energy demands of the external power source.