# US 2019/0169524 A1 · Method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2019/0169524 A1 - Document ID: US20190169524A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 16/176,161 - Filed: 2018-10-31 - Published: 2019-06-06 - Earliest claimed: 2017-12-04 - Applicants: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company - Inventors: Jordan C. Smith; Raymond G. Burns, III; Smruti A. Dance; Douglas E. Deckman - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190169524A1 ## CPC - C10M 169/04: Mixtures of base-materials and additives - C10M 107/02: Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation - C10M 125/02: Carbon; Graphite - C10M 125/10: Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates - C10M 2201/041: Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black - C10M 2201/062: Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates - C10M 2203/102: Aliphatic fractions - C10M 2205/0206: used as base material - C10M 2205/028: containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms - C10N 2010/02: Groups 1 or 11 - C10N 2010/06: Groups 3 or 13 - C10N 2010/08: Groups 4 or 14 - C10N 2010/14: Group 7 - C10N 2030/00: Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives - C10N 2030/08: Resistance to extreme temperature - C10N 2030/10: Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants - C10N 2030/45: {Ash-less or low ash content} - C10N 2030/52: {Base number [TBN]} - C10N 2040/25: Internal-combustion engines - C10N 2040/255: {Gasoline engines} - C10M: LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS (well drilling compositions C09K8/02); USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION (mould release, i.e. separating, agents for metals B22C3/00, for plastics or substances in a plastic state, in general B29C33/56, for glass C03B40/02; textile lubricating compositions D06M11/00, D06M13/00, D06M15/00; immersion oils for microscopy G02B21/33) - C10N: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS ## Abstract A method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in an engine lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and at least one lubricating oil additive, as a minor component. The lubricating oil contains at least one metal or metalloid in an amount sufficient that, in thermogravimetric measurements of the lubricating oil by a Thermogravimetric Engine Oil Simulation Test, carbon black decomposition temperature is increased as compared to the carbon black decomposition temperature in a lubricating oil containing calcium or magnesium. A lubricating oil useful for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in an engine lubricated with the lubricating oil. The lubricating oils of this disclosure are particularly advantageous as passenger vehicle engine oil (PVEO) products. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in an engine lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil, said formulated oil having a composition comprising a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one lubricating oil additive, as a minor component; wherein said lubricating oil contains at least one metal or metalloid in an amount sufficient that, in thermogravimetric measurements of the lubricating oil by a Thermogravimetric Engine Oil Simulation Test, carbon black decomposition temperature is increased as compared to the carbon black decomposition temperature in a lubricating oil containing calcium or magnesium. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein, in thermogravimetric measurements of the lubricating oil by a Thermogravimetric Engine Oil Simulation Test, the carbon black decomposition temperature is increased by at least 10° C. as compared to the carbon black decomposition temperature in a lubricating oil containing calcium or magnesium. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein, in thermogravimetric measurements of the lubricating oil by a Thermogravimetric Engine Oil Simulation Test, the carbon black decomposition temperature is increased by at least 25° C. as compared to the carbon black decomposition temperature in a lubricating oil containing calcium or magnesium. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the engine exhibits greater than about 10% reduced low speed pre-ignition, based on normalized low speed pre-ignition (LSPI) counts per 25,000 engine cycles, engine operation at 2000 revolutions per minute (RPM) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at 18 bar, as compared to low speed pre-ignition performance achieved in an engine using a lubricating oil containing calcium or magnesium. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one metal or metalloid comprises sodium, manganese, titanium, aluminum, or mixtures thereof. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one metal or metalloid is present in the lubricating oil in an amount from about 100 ppm to about 25,000 ppm. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein (i) the at least one metal or metalloid is present in the lubricating oil in an amount from about 100 ppm to about 1000 ppm; (ii) total base number (TBN), as measured by ASTM D2896, of the lubricating oil ranges from about 2 mg KOH to about 17 mg KOH; (iii) total sulfated ash of the lubricating oil ranges from about 0.01 to about 1 wt %. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one metal or metalloid is incorporated into the lubricating oil by maintaining constant ash, maintaining constant detergent metal, maintaining constant total base number (TBN), or top treating. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one metal or metalloid is incorporated into the lubricating oil through the at least one lubricating oil additive. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one lubricating oil additive is selected from the group consisting of a salicylate, a carboxylate, a sulfonate, a phenate, a stearate, and an oxide. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one lubricating oil additive has a total sulfated ash from about 0.02 to about 0.17 wt %. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one lubricating oil additive comprises one or more of a detergent, dispersant, viscosity index improver, antioxidant, pour point depressant, corrosion inhibitor, metal deactivator, seal compatibility additive, anti-foam agent, inhibitor, anti-rust additive, and friction modifier. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil base stock comprises a Group II, Group III, or Group IV base oil. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein at least one lubricating oil additive concentration ranges from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil base stock concentration ranges from about 50 to about 99 weight percent, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil is a passenger vehicle engine oil (PVEO). ### Claim 17 A lubricating engine oil having a composition comprising a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one lubricating oil additive, as a minor component; wherein said lubricating engine oil contains at least one metal or metalloid in an amount sufficient that, in thermogravimetric measurements of the lubricating engine oil by a Thermogravimetric Engine Oil Simulation Test, carbon black decomposition temperature is increased as compared to the carbon black decomposition temperature in a lubricating engine oil containing calcium or magnesium. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein, in thermogravimetric measurements of the lubricating engine oil by a Thermogravimetric Engine Oil Simulation Test, the carbon black decomposition temperature is increased by at least 10° C. as compared to the carbon black decomposition temperature in a lubricating engine oil containing calcium or magnesium. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein, in thermogravimetric measurements of the lubricating engine oil by a Thermogravimetric Engine Oil Simulation Test, the carbon black decomposition temperature is increased by at least 25° C. as compared to the carbon black decomposition temperature in a lubricating engine oil containing calcium or magnesium. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the engine exhibits greater than about 10% reduced low speed pre-ignition, based on normalized low speed pre-ignition (LSPI) counts per 25,000 engine cycles, engine operation at 2000 revolutions per minute (RPM) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at 18 bar, as compared to low speed pre-ignition performance achieved in an engine using a lubricating engine oil containing calcium or magnesium. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the at least one metal or metalloid comprises sodium, manganese, titanium, aluminum, or mixtures thereof. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the at least one metal or metalloid is present in the lubricating engine oil in an amount from about 100 ppm to about 25,000 ppm. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein (i) the at least one metal or metalloid is present in the lubricating engine oil in an amount from about 100 ppm to about 1000 ppm; (ii) total base number (TBN), as measured by ASTM D2896, of the lubricating engine oil ranges from about 2 mg KOH to about 17 mg KOH; (iii) total sulfated ash of the lubricating engine oil ranges from about 0.01 to about 1 wt %. ### Claim 24 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the at least one metal or metalloid is incorporated into the lubricating engine oil by maintaining constant ash, maintaining constant detergent metal, maintaining constant total base number (TBN), or top treating. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the at least one metal or metalloid is incorporated into the lubricating oil through the at least one lubricating oil additive. ### Claim 26 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the at least one lubricating oil additive is selected from the group consisting of a salicylate, a carboxylate, a sulfonate, a phenate, a stearate, and an oxide. ### Claim 27 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the at least one lubricating oil additive has a total sulfated ash from about 0.02 to about 0.17 wt %. ### Claim 28 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the at least one lubricating oil additive comprises one or more of a detergent, dispersant, viscosity index improver, antioxidant, pour point depressant, corrosion inhibitor, metal deactivator, seal compatibility additive, anti-foam agent, inhibitor, anti-rust additive, and friction modifier. ### Claim 29 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the lubricating oil base stock comprises a Group II, Group III, or Group IV base oil. ### Claim 30 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein at least one lubricating oil additive concentration ranges from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the lubricating engine oil. ### Claim 31 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 wherein the lubricating oil base stock concentration ranges from about 50 to about 99 weight percent, based on the total weight of the lubricating engine oil. ### Claim 32 (depends on 17) The lubricating engine oil of claim 17 which is a passenger vehicle engine oil (PVEO). ### Claim 33 (depends on 17) An engine lubricated with the lubricating engine oil of claim 17.