# US 2019/0168258 A1 · Compositions and methods for creating functionalized, roughened surfaces and methods of creating repellant surfaces

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- Number: US 2019/0168258 A1
- Document ID: US20190168258A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/321,018
- Filed: 2017-07-26
- Published: 2019-06-06
- Earliest claimed: 2016-07-27
- Applicants: Adaptive Surface Technologies, Inc.
- Inventors: Philseok KIM; Gurminder Kaur PAINK; Jeffrey Elizee D'EON; Grant William TREMELLING
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20190168258A1

## CPC

- B05D 5/02: to obtain a matt or rough surface
- B05D 1/12: Applying particulate materials (B05D1/06, B05D1/10 take precedence)
- B05D 5/08: to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface (rendering particulate materials free-flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic B01J2/30)
- C09D 5/00: Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced {(electrically insulating plastics, resins or waxes H01B3/30)}; Filling pastes
- C09D 7/62: modified by treatment with other compounds
- C09D 7/65: macromolecular (C09D7/41-C09D7/48 take precedence)
- C09D 7/67: {Particle size smaller than 100 nm}
- C09D 7/68: {Particle size between 100-1000 nm}
- C09D 127/18: Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethene
- C09D 167/08: Polyesters modified with higher fatty oils or their acids, or with natural resins or resin acids
- C09D 171/02: Polyalkylene oxides
- G02B 1/18: Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films (G02B1/16 takes precedence)
- B05D 2401/10: Organic solvent (B05D2401/21 takes precedence)
- B05D 2601/20: used for non-pigmentation effect
- B05D 2601/22: Silica
- B05D 2602/00: Organic fillers
- B82Y 30/00: Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
- C08K 9/06: with silicon-containing compounds
- C08L 2205/025: containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
- C08L 2205/03: containing three or more polymers in a blend
- B05D: PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (conveying articles or workpieces through baths of liquid B65G, e.g. B65G49/02)
- C09D: COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B05D; staining wood B27K5/02; glazes or vitreous enamels C03C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C09G; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C09J; materials for sealing or packing joints or covers C09K3/10; materials for stopping leaks C09K3/12; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C25D)
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09)
- C08L: COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS (compositions based on polymerisable monomers C08F, C08G; artificial filaments or fibres D01F; textile treating compositions D06)

## Abstract

The present teachings relate to compositions and methods for creating a functionalized, roughened surface in a single application, which surface can be uniformly-textured and have strong chemical affmity to a selected lubricant. The compositions can include a solvent, nanoparticles having a narrow particle size distribution, a binder, and an additive. The textured surfaces of the present teachings can have an affinity for a lubricating liquid such that a smooth immobilized, stable liquid overlayer of the lubricating liquid can be present in, on, and over the functionalized, roughened surface thereby creating a robust slippery liquid-infused porous surface that is repellant.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A composition for creating a functionalized, roughened surface in a single application, the composition comprising:
a solvent;
nanoparticles having a narrow particle size distribution, wherein the nanoparticles are dispersed in the solvent;
a binder, wherein the binder is soluble in the solvent; and
an additive less than 5 wt. % of the total solid components wherein the composition provides a uniformly-textured surface suitable for forming a smooth liquid lubricant overlayer surface.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles comprise a polymer.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles comprise a fluoropolymer.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles comprise an inorganic particle.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles comprise a surface modified inorganic particle.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are monodisperse.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The composition of claim 6, wherein the narrow primary particle size distribution has standard deviation of about 90% from an average particle size.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the narrow primary particle size distribution has standard deviation of about 90% from an average particle size.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the median particle size of the nanoparticles is between about 20 nm to about 750 nm.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

The composition of claim 6, wherein the median particle size of the nanoparticles is between about 20 nm to about 750 nm and wherein the size distribution of primary particle size has a standard deviation of almost 90%, from the average particle.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the binder comprises a fluorinated compound.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the solids of the composition comprise between about 10 volume % to about 75 volume % nanoparticles.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more of an additive comprising a surfactant, a film-forming agent, a pH adjustor, a colorant, a pigment, a suspending agent, a dispersant, a wetting agent, a defoaming agent, an anti-oxidant, a UV-absorber or UV-stabilizer, a leveling agent, a stabilizing agent, a chemical modifier, and a catalyst.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt or a low VOC composition.

### Claim 15

A method of forming a functionalized, roughened surface on a substrate surface, the method comprising:
dispersing nanoparticles having a narrow particle size distribution in a solvent comprising a binder to form a roughening composition;
applying the roughening composition to a substrate surface; and
removing the solvent from the roughening composition on the surface to form a coating comprising a non-hierarchical functionalized, roughened surface.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein dispersing nanoparticles comprises incorporating nanoparticles homogeneously in the solvent through a process selected from the group consisting of milling, rotor-stator usage, sonication, and combinations thereof.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein applying the roughening composition comprises one or more of spraying, brush painting, roller painting, dip coating, and spin coating the roughening composition.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein removing the solvent from the roughening composition on the surface comprises evaporating the solvent.

### Claim 19 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein removing the solvent from the roughening composition on the surface comprises controlling the rate of removal of the solvent to provide a crack-free functionalized, roughened surface.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19, wherein controlling the rate of removal of the solvent comprises at least one of altering the solvent blend, the evaporation temperature, and the evaporation humidity.

### Claim 21 (depends on 15)

A method of creating a repellant surface, the method comprising:
forming a functionalized, roughened surface according to claim 15; and
applying a lubricating liquid to the functionalized, roughened surface, wherein the lubricating liquid has a chemical affinity for the functionalized, roughened surface such that, at atmospheric pressure, the lubricating liquid is substantially immobilized in, on and over the functionalized, roughened surface, without dewetting from the substrate, to form a repellant surface.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein applying a lubricating liquid comprises applying the lubricating liquid in a solvent.

### Claim 23 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein the repellant surface is a smooth liquid surface of the lubricating liquid over and above the functionalized, roughened surface.

### Claim 24 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein the lubricating liquid has a chemical affinity for the nanoparticles and/or binder.

### Claim 25 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein the chemical affinity of the functionalized, roughened surface for the lubricating liquid is greater than the chemical affinity of the functionalized, roughened surface for a foreign material to be repelled by the repellant surface.

### Claim 26 (depends on 21)

An article of manufacture comprising a roughed surface made by the method of claim 21.

### Claim 27

An article of manufacture with nanoscale surface texture, comprising a substrate surface of nanoparticles in a 1-2 order of magnitude size range monodispersed in one or more layers, in a binder matrix with particles projecting therefrom.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The article of claim 27 in combination with a lubricant adhered to the surface texture and including an overlayer stably maintained, the binder and nanoparticles having a higher affinity with the lubricant than with foreign material to be repelled by the lubricant.