Surface-wave antenna, antenna array and use of an antenna or an antenna array

Antenna designed to emit and/or receive surface waves with a decametric, hectometric or kilometric central wavelength λ0, comprising:

• at least one horizontal wire aerial element of between 0.5λ0 and λ0 in length,
• at least three vertical wire aerial elements of the same length between 0.03λ0 et 0.1λ0, arranged in a same plane and each comprising an upper end and a lower end, said upper ends being connected to the horizontal wire aerial element, said lower ends being designed to be connected to a conducting medium having a substantially horizontal surface.
• and in that the upper ends of at least two vertical wire aerial elements are respectively connected to a first end and to a second end of the horizontal wire aerial element, and in that the upper end of a vertical wire aerial element, called central element, is connected to the horizontal wire aerial element in its centre, the central element also being connected to a device for feeding the antenna.