Device and method for operating the same

A device, comprising:

• a first net, comprising:
• a plurality of first wires arranged to form a first array;
• and
• a plurality of first resistors, wherein each of the plurality of first resistors is disposed at one of areas formed between the plurality of first wires, and coupled to two of the plurality of first wires being across each other;
• a second net comprising:
• a plurality of second wires arranged to form a second array;
• and
• a plurality of second resistors, wherein each of the plurality of second resistors is disposed at one of areas formed between the second wires, and coupled to two of the plurality of second wires being across each other;
• and
• a processor configured to obtain first input signals transmitted through the plurality of first resistors to calculate first sum values, provide second signals related to the first sum values to the second net, and obtain second input signals transmitted through the plurality of second resistors to calculate second sum values;
• wherein the processor is configured to shift the first sum values and the second sum values by a nonlinear activation function to generate first shifted sum values and second shifted sum values;
• wherein the processor is configured to calculate first feedbacks of the first net and second feedbacks of the second net based on the second shifted sum values and a plurality of target values related to a corresponding input signal of the first input signals;
• wherein the processor is configured to generate a plurality of first pulse numbers based on the first input signals and the first feedbacks, and generate a plurality of second pulse numbers based on the second input signals and the second feedbacks;
• wherein the processor is configured to apply a first voltage pulse to one of the plurality of first resistors based on the plurality of first pulse numbers, and configured to apply a second voltage pulse to one of the plurality of second resistors based on the plurality of second pulse numbers, in order to modify a value of the corresponding input signal of the first input signals to be the same as a corresponding target value of the plurality of target values.

A method, comprising:

• receiving a plurality of input signals by a plurality of first wires;
• receiving a sum value corresponding to the plurality of input signals transmitted through a plurality of resistors from one of a plurality of second wires, and shifting the sum value by a nonlinear activation function to generate a shifted sum value;
• calculating a feedback based on the shifted sum value and a target value related to a corresponding input signal of the plurality of input signals, and generating a pulse number based on the corresponding input signal of the plurality of input signals and the feedbacks, wherein each of a value of the plurality of input signals and the feedbacks is higher than or equal to a threshold value;
• applying a voltage pulse to one of the plurality of resistors related to the corresponding input signal based on the pulse number;
• and
• modifying a value of the corresponding input signal of the plurality of input signals to be the same as the target value.