Internal hybrid electrochemical energy storage cell having both high power and high energy density

An internal hybrid electrochemical cell comprising:

• (A) a pseudocapacitance-like cathode comprising a cathode active material that contains both graphene sheets and a porphyrin compound, including porphyrin or a porphyrin complex, wherein said porphyrin compound is bonded to or supported by primary surfaces of said graphene sheets to form a redox pair for pseudocapacitance;
• (B) a battery-like anode comprising lithium metal, lithium metal alloy, or a prelithiated anode active material selected from the group consisting of (a) lithiated silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and mixtures thereof, (b) lithiated alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and their mixtures;
• (c) lithiated oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, tellurides, or antimonides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and mixtures or composites thereof;
• (d) lithiated graphite and carbon materials;
• and (e) combinations thereof, and
• (C) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the anode and the cathode;
• wherein said cathode active material has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2/g which is in direct physical contact with said electrolyte.