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US 2019/0101502 A1Published application
Electrochemical cell for detecting hydroquinone
AssigneeKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
InventorMd. Abdul AZIZ
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Abstract
An electrode that comprises a nanostructured material that comprises pyrolyzed date palm leaves that are obtained from a pyrolysis of an agro-waste containing date palm leaves in an inert gas and in a temperature range of 800 to 1600° C., an electrochemical cell thereof, and a method of determining a hydroquinone concentration in a hydroquinone-containing solution with the electrochemical cell. Various combinations of embodiments are also provided.
Claims20
1:
- An electrode, comprising:
- a nanostructured material comprising pyrolyzed date palm leaves,
- wherein the pyrolyzed date palm leaves are obtained from a pyrolysis of an agro-waste comprising date palm leaves in an inert gas and in a temperature range of 800 to 1600° C.
2:
- The electrode of claim 1, wherein the inert gas is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon.
3:
- The electrode of claim 1, wherein the agro-waste consists of date palm leaves.
4:
- The electrode of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured material is not disposed on a substrate.
5:
- The electrode of claim 1, further comprising:
- a conductive material,
- wherein the nanostructured material is disposed on the conductive material with an adhesive.
6:
- The electrode of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured material has a thickness in the range of 10 to 1,000 μm.
7:
- The electrode of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured material further comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, iron, silicon, potassium, and calcium.
8:
- The electrode of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured material comprises carbon walls that are arranged in a stacked configuration.
9:
- The electrode of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured material is porous with an average pore size of 1 to 10 nm.
10:
- An electrochemical cell, comprising:
- a working electrode comprising
- a nanostructured material comprising pyrolyzed date palm leaves, wherein the pyrolyzed date palm leaves are obtained from a pyrolysis of an agro-waste comprising date palm leaves in an inert gas and in a temperature range of 800 to 1600° C.;
- a reference electrode;
- and
- a counter electrode,
- wherein the reference electrode and the counter electrode are in ionic communication with the working electrode via an electrolyte.
4 more elements
11:
- The electrochemical cell of claim 10, wherein the electrolyte comprises hydroquinone.
12:
- The electrochemical cell of claim 10, wherein the reference electrode comprises silver-silver chloride.
13:
- The electrochemical cell of claim 10, wherein the counter electrode comprises platinum.
14:
- A method of determining a hydroquinone concentration in a hydroquinone-containing solution with the electrochemical cell of claim 10, comprising:
- contacting the hydroquinone-containing solution with the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode of the electrochemical cell;
- applying a voltage to the working electrode relative to the reference electrode to oxidize at least a portion of hydroquinone in the hydroquinone-containing solution thereby generating an electric current in the electrochemical cell;
- and
- determining the hydroquinone concentration in the hydroquinone-containing solution based on the electric current.
2 more elements
15:
- The method of claim 14, wherein a detection limit of the electrochemical cell is in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 μM of hydroquinone.
16:
- The method of claim 14, wherein the hydroquinone concentration in the hydroquinone-containing solution is in the range of 1.0 μM to 1.0 M.
17:
- The method of claim 14, wherein the hydroquinone concentration is determined at a temperature in the range of 10 to 40° C.
18:
- The method of claim 14,
- wherein the hydroquinone-containing solution comprises hydroquinone and at least one of a halide, a sulfate, a nitrate, a phosphate, an acetate of an alkali metal, and nitrophenol, and
- wherein a hydroquinone selectivity of the electrochemical cell is at least 95% by mole.
19:
- The method of claim 14, wherein the voltage is in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 volts relative to the reference electrode.
20:
- The method of claim 14, wherein the hydroquinone concentration is determined from a calibration curve that linearly relates the electric current to the hydroquinone concentration.