Antenna arrangements for measurement of angle of arrival

A receiver for determining an angle of arrival of a beam received at an antenna array of the receiver, the antenna array having at least two antenna elements, the receiver comprising:

• an antenna element A configured to receive a first signal, an antenna element B configured to receive a second signal, an antenna element C configured to receive a third signal and an antenna element D configured to receive a fourth signal;
• a first network configured to produce a first output signal E based on a first combination of the first and second signals and configured to produce a second output signal F based on a second combination of the first and second signals;
• a second network configured to produce a third output signal G based on a first combination of the third and fourth signals and configured to produce a fourth output signal H based on a second combination of the third and fourth signals;
• and
• a processor configured to:
• determine a difference of the first output signal E and the second output signal F to produce a first difference signal (DIFF AB);
• determine a difference of the third output signal G and the fourth output signal H to produce a second difference signal (DIFF CD);
• and
• determine a first directional angle of arrival of the beam from a first set of candidate angles of arrival based at least in part on the first difference signal (DIFF AB) and the second difference signal (DIFF CD).

A method in a receiver configured to determine an angle of arrival of a beam, the method comprising:

• receiving a first signal at an antenna element A, receiving a second signal at an antenna element B, receiving a third signal at an antenna element C, and receiving a fourth signal at an antenna element D;
• producing, via a first network, a first output signal E based on a first combination of the first and second signals and producing, via the first network, a second output signal F based on a second combination of the first and second signals, the first network having first and second 90 degree splitters and first and second combiners, the first and second splitters and first and second combiners configured to receive the first and second signals at input ports of the first and second splitters, respectively, and to produce the first output signal E and the second output signal F at different output ports of the first and second combiners;
• producing, via a second network, a third output signal G based on a first combination of the third and fourth signals and producing, via the second network, a fourth output signal H based on a second combination of the third and fourth signals, the second network having third and fourth 90 degree splitters and third and fourth combiners, the third and fourth splitters and third and fourth combiners configured to receive the third and fourth signals at input ports of the third and fourth splitters, respectively, and to produce the third output signal G and the fourth output signal H at different output ports of the third and fourth combiners;
• determining a difference of first output signal E and second output signal F to produce a first difference signal (DIFF AB);
• determining a difference of third output signal G and fourth output signal H to produce a second difference signal (DIFF CD);
• and
• determining a first directional angle of arrival of the beam from a set of candidate angles of arrival based at least in part on the first difference signal (DIFF AB) and the second difference signal (DIFF CD).