Large Salinity Electrodialysis Desalination

A very high salinity electrodialysis reversal or capacitive electrodialysis reversal devise comprising:

• a. an electrodialysis stack that is formed with a stack of separated alternating anion and cation ion exchange membranes having independent low and high salinity water channels located between each alternating pair of anion and cation ion exchange membranes where portions of an electrodialysis system is an example;
• b. either conducting or supercapacitor electrodes as found in either electrodialysis reversal or capacitive electrodialysis reversal systems respectively which are capable of absorbing and/or dispensing electrons in the case of electrodialysis reversal or ions in the case of capacitive electrodialysis reversal in the presence of saline water and an electric field;
• c. either said very high salinity electrodialysis reversal or capacitive electrodialysis reversal devise composed of a pair of either said conducting or supercapacitor electrodes respectively placed at each end of the said electrodialysis stack and has independent saline water channels separating the said electrodes and said electrodialysis stack;
• d. lower and higher saline waters varying in any desired salinities fed through a set of independent long and small cross-sectional area tubes into each of the said independent low and high salinity water channels respectively of the said very high salinity electrodialysis reversal or capacitive electrodialysis reversal devise, and out of each of these said independent low and high salinity water channels through another corresponding set of independent long and small cross-sectional area tubes;
• and
• e. the said sets of independent long and small cross-sectional area tubes carrying low and high salinity water to and from either the said very high salinity electrodialysis reversal or capacitive electrodialysis reversal devise is made so that the saline waters can flow through them so as to feed and retrieve the saline waters to and from each of the said independent low and high salinity water channels of the said very high salinity electrodialysis reversal or capacitive electrodialysis reversal devise but have lengths and cross-sectional areas such that the electrical resistance to ion flow is very high relative to the much lower electrical resistance to ion flow through the said electrodialysis stack as well as through the saline water regions near the electrodes.