Electro-optical device having a transparent ion exchange membrane

A cationic polymer represented by Formula I, Formula II, or Formula III:

• wherein:
• each R1 is individually alkylene, cycloalkylene, or heterocycloalkylene;
• R2 is H;
• each R3 may be individually absent, —O—, or -alkyl-;
• each R3a may may be individually -alkyl-;
• each R4 is individually alkylene, cycloalkylene, or heterocycloalkylene;
• each R5 is individually absent, alkylene, cycloalkylene, or heterocycloalkylene;
• each R6 is individually absent or alkylene;
• each R7 is individually a group of formula:
• —[P(R13)3]+;
• or —[N(R11)3]+;
• R8 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl;
• each R9 is individually H, F, Br, Cl, NO2, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, or heteroaryl, or any two individual R9 groups may join together to form a ring which may be saturated or unsaturated;
• each R10 is individually H, F, Br, Cl, NO2, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, or heteroaryl, or any two individual R10 groups may join together to form a ring which may be saturated or unsaturated;
• each R11 is individually H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or any two individual R11 groups may join together to form a ring which may be saturated or unsaturated;
• each R12 may be individually H or alkyl;
• each R12 may be individually alkyl or aryl;
• each Cat is a cationic group;
• each X− is individually an anion;
• each n, p, and r1-5 indicate a repeat unit of the polymer;
• each q may be individually 1, 2, or 3;
• individually T is individually absent, C(O), or CH2;
• and
• individually T′ is individually absent or C(O).