Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge, and method of manufacturing electrophotographic photosensitive member

An electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member;

• and at least one unit selected from a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, and a cleaning unit, wherein
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises
• a support and a photosensitive layer on the support, and
• a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer of a hole transport compound represented by Formula (1) below,
• (where the hole transport compound represented by Formula (1) has at least one monovalent polymerizable functional group,
• in Formula (1), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a fluorine atom-substituted alkyl group, a phenyl group-substituted alkyl group, a phenyl group, or an alkyl group-substituted phenyl group, or an alkyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, a phenyl group-substituted alkyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, a phenyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, or an alkyl group-substituted phenyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent,
• R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a phenyl group, or an alkyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, or an alkoxy group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, or a phenyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent,
• Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent a single bond, an arylene group, and an alkyl group-substituted arylene group,
• n represents an integer of 1 or more to 5 or less,
• when n is 2 or more, structures in parentheses may be the same as or different from each other,
• at least one of n R1 and n R2 is a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom-substituted alkyl group,
• Z1 represents a monovalent group represented by Formula (2) below,
• Z2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group represented by Formula (2) below,
• when Z2 is a monovalent group represented by Formula (2) below, Z1 and Z2 may be the same as or different from each other,
• in Formula (2), * represents a bonding position at which Ar1 or Ar2 is bonded, and
• Ar11 and Ar12 each independently represent an aryl group, an alkyl group-substituted aryl group, an alkoxy group-substituted aryl group, or an aryl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, an alkyl group-substituted aryl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, or an alkoxy group-substituted aryl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent).

A process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member;

• and at least one unit that are integrally supported, the at least one unit being selected from a charging unit, a developing unit, and a cleaning unit, the process cartridge being detachably attachable to an electrophotographic apparatus main body, wherein
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises
• a support and a photosensitive layer on the support, and
• a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer of a hole transport compound represented by Formula (1) below,
• (where the hole transport compound represented by Formula (1) has at least one monovalent polymerizable functional group,
• in Formula (1), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a fluorine atom-substituted alkyl group, a phenyl group-substituted alkyl group, a phenyl group, or an alkyl group-substituted phenyl group, or an alkyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, a phenyl group-substituted alkyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, a phenyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, or an alkyl group-substituted phenyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent,
• R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a phenyl group, or an alkyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, or an alkoxy group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, or a phenyl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent,
• Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent a single bond, an arylene group, and an alkyl group-substituted arylene group,
• n represents an integer of 1 or more to 5 or less,
• when n is 2 or more, structures in parentheses may be the same as or different from each other,
• at least one of n R1 and n R2 is a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom-substituted alkyl group,
• Z1 represents a monovalent group represented by Formula (2) below,
• Z2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group represented by Formula (2) below,
• when Z2 is a monovalent group represented by Formula (2) below, Z1 and Z2 may be the same as or different from each other,
• in Formula (2), * represents a bonding position at which Ar1 or Ar2 is bonded, and
• Ar11 and Ar12 each independently represent an aryl group, an alkyl group-substituted aryl group, an alkoxy group-substituted aryl group, or an aryl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, an alkyl group-substituted aryl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent, or an alkoxy group-substituted aryl group having a monovalent polymerizable functional group as a substituent).