# US 2018/0324745 A1 · Range-finding and object-positioning systems and methods using same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2018/0324745 A1 - Document ID: US20180324745A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 16/031,553 - Filed: 2018-07-10 - Published: 2018-11-08 - Earliest claimed: 2016-01-20 - Assignees: Zerokey Inc. - Applicants: Zerokey Inc. - Inventors: Matthew William LOWE; Vahid DEHGHANIAN - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180324745A1 ## CPC - H04W 64/006: {with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination} - G01S 1/74: Details - G01S 1/753: {Signal details} - G01S 5/0036: {of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station} - G01S 5/30: Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location - G01S 11/16: using difference in transit time between electrical and acoustic signals - H04L 1/0054: {Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms} - H04L 5/0048: {Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver (allocation of control signalling H04L5/0053; use of control signalling H04L5/0091)} - G01S 1/80: using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional transducers or transducer systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract A range-finding and/or object-positioning system comprises one or more target devices; one or more reference devices communicating with said one or more target devices via one or more wireless signal sets, each wireless signal set comprising at least a first-speed signal having a first transmission speed and a second-speed signal having a second transmission speed, and the first transmission speed being higher than the second transmission speed; and at least one processing unit performing actions for determining at least one distance between one target device and one reference device based on the time difference between the receiving time of the first-speed signal and the receiving time of the second-speed signal of the wireless signal set communicated between said reference and target devices. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: at least one communication component configured for transmitting or receiving at least one set of signals to or from at least one location, each of the at least one set of signals comprising at least a Radio Frequency (RF) signal and an acoustic signal, said acoustic signal comprising a first codeword; and at least one processing unit coupled to the at least one communication component and configured for, for each of the at least one location, determining a first time that the RF signal transmitted between the apparatus and the location is received; determining a second time of starting to receive the acoustic signal transmitted between the apparatus and the location; obtaining a received and processed signal of the acoustic signal transmitted between the apparatus and the location, the received and processed signal comprising the first codeword; determining a time offset based on the received and processed acoustic signal; determining a time difference as the summation of the second time and the time offset minus the first time; and determining the distance between the apparatus and the location based on the time difference. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second time is the same as or later than the first time. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said determining the time offset based on the received and processed acoustic signal comprises: calculating a cross-correlation of the received and processed acoustic signal with a replica signal comprising the first codeword; and determining the time offset based on the cross-correlation using a Maximum Likelihood estimator. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one communication component is configured for receiving the at least one set of signals; and wherein the at least one processing unit is further configured for, for each of the at least one location, stopping receiving the acoustic signal transmitted between the apparatus and the location after a predefined period of time from the second time. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said obtaining the received and processed signal comprises: filtering the received acoustic signal using a bandpass filter having a bandwidth wider than that of the acoustic signal transmitted between the apparatus and the corresponding location; and demodulating the filtered acoustic signal to obtain the received and processed acoustic signal comprising the first codeword. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processing unit is further configured for executing a calibration process for determining one or more fixed delays in at least one of the RF signal and the acoustic signal for compensating for the impact of delays in determining the distance between the apparatus and each of the at least one location. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processing unit is further configured for, for each of the at least one location, obtaining a plurality of received RF signals transmitted between the apparatus and the location, each of the plurality of RF signals comprising a pulse or a codeword; and determining from the plurality of received RF signals, a received RF signal having a minimum delay for minimizing the impact of delays in determining the distance between the apparatus and the location. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processing unit is further configured for calculating a calibrated speed of the acoustic signal by using at least one temperature measurement; and wherein said determining the distance between the apparatus and the location based on the time difference comprises determining the distance between the apparatus and the location based on the time difference and the calibrated speed of the acoustic signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said calculating the calibrated speed of the acoustic signal by using at least one temperature measurement comprises, for each of the at least one location, calculating a first temperature-adjusted speed of sound by using a temperature measurement obtained at the apparatus; calculating a second temperature-adjusted speed of sound by using a temperature measurement obtained at said location; and calculating a calibrated speed of the acoustic signal by averaging the first and the second temperature-adjusted speeds of sound. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, and a barometer; and wherein the at least one processing unit is further configured for using a data fusion algorithm for using the output of the at least one of the accelerometer, the gyroscope, the magnetometer, and the barometer to improve the accuracy of the determined distance between the apparatus and each of the at least one location. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, and a barometer; and wherein the at least one processing unit is further configured for using a data fusion algorithm for using the determined distance and the output of the at least one of the accelerometer, the gyroscope, the magnetometer, and the barometer to determine a subsequent distance. ### Claim 12 A positioning system comprising: a plurality of reference devices at unknown positions; one or more target devices at unknown positions, said one or more target devices in communication with the plurality of reference devices via one or more wireless signal sets, each wireless signal set comprising at least a first-speed signal having a first transmission speed and a second-speed signal having a second transmission speed, and the first transmission speed being higher than the second transmission speed; and at least one processing unit configured for: defining a coordinate system for the plurality of reference devices and the one or more target devices, the origin of said coordinate system coinciding with one of the plurality of reference devices; calculating the position of the reference devices in said coordinate system based on the distances between the plurality of reference devices; and for each target device, determining the distance between the target device and each of the plurality of reference devices based on the time difference between the receiving time of the first-speed signal and the receiving time of the second-speed signal of the wireless signal set communicated between said reference and target devices; and determining the position of said target device in said coordinate system based on the determined distances. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The positioning system of claim 12, wherein the at least one processing unit is further configured for measuring the distances between the plurality of reference devices. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The positioning system of claim 12, wherein the one or more target devices comprise at least one mobile device; and wherein the plurality of reference devices comprise at least one smartphone. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The positioning system of claim 12 wherein the target device further comprises at least one accelerometer and at least one gyroscope; and wherein said determining the position of said target device in said coordinate system based on the determined distances comprises: using a data fusion algorithm for fusing the determined distances of the target device and the outputs of the at least one accelerometer and the at least one gyroscope to determine the position of the target device with improved accuracy. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The positioning system of claim 12 wherein the target device further comprises at least one accelerometer and at least one gyroscope; and wherein the at least one processing unit is further configured for using a data fusion algorithm for fusing the determined position of the target device and outputs of the at least one accelerometer and the at least one gyroscope to determine a subsequent position. ### Claim 17 A method for determining the distance between a first device and a second device, the method comprising: transmitting a RF signal and an acoustic signal from the first device, said acoustic signal comprising a first codeword; receiving the RF signal by the second device at a first time; starting to receive the acoustic signal by the second device at a second time; receiving the acoustic signal by the second device; processing the received acoustic signal to obtain a received and processed acoustic signal comprising the first codeword; determining a time offset based on the received and processed acoustic signal; determining a time difference as the summation of the second time and the time offset minus the first time; and determining the distance between the first and the second devices based on the time difference. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, wherein the second time is the same as or later than the first time. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, wherein said determining the time offset based on the received and processed acoustic signal comprises: calculating a cross-correlation of the received and processed acoustic signal with a replica signal comprising the first codeword; and determining the time offset based on the cross-correlation using a Maximum Likelihood estimator. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17 further comprising: stopping receiving the acoustic signal after a predefined period of time from the second time. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, wherein said processing the received acoustic signal to obtain the received and processed acoustic signal comprising the first codeword comprises: filtering the received acoustic signal using a bandpass filter having a bandwidth wider than that of the acoustic signal transmitted between the apparatus and the corresponding location; and demodulating the filtered acoustic signal to obtain the received and processed acoustic signal comprising the first codeword. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17 further comprising: executing a calibration process for determining one or more fixed delays in at least one of the RF signal and the acoustic signal for compensating for the impact of delays in determining the distance between the apparatus and each of the at least one location. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17 further comprising: obtaining a plurality of received RF signals transmitted between the apparatus and the location, each of the plurality of RF signals comprising a pulse or a codeword; determining from the plurality of received RF signals, a received RF signal having a minimum delay for minimizing the impact of delays in determining the distance between the first and the second devices. ### Claim 24 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17 further comprising: calculating a calibrated speed of the acoustic signal by using at least one temperature measurement; and wherein said determining the distance between the first and the second devices based on the time difference comprises determining the distance between the first and the second devices based on the time difference and the calibrated speed of the acoustic signal. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24, wherein said calculating the calibrated speed of the acoustic signal by using at least one temperature measurement comprises: calculating a first temperature-adjusted speed of sound by using a temperature measurement obtained at the first device; calculating a second temperature-adjusted speed of sound by using a temperature measurement obtained at the second device; and calculating a calibrated speed of the acoustic signal by averaging the first and the second temperature-adjusted speeds of sound.