# US 2018/0324053 A1 · Method and apparatus for automatic identification of an outage of a network node > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2018/0324053 A1 - Document ID: US20180324053A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/770,787 - Filed: 2015-12-08 - Published: 2018-11-08 - Earliest claimed: 2015-12-08 - Assignees: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft - Applicants: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft - Inventors: Dagmar Beyer; Denis Krompaß; Sigurd Spieckermann - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180324053A1 ## CPC - H04L 41/142: using statistical or mathematical methods - G06F 17/16: Matrix or vector computation {, e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication, matrix factorization (matrix transposition G06F7/78)} - H04L 12/44: Star or tree networks - H04L 41/065: {involving logical or physical relationship, e.g. grouping and hierarchies} - H04L 41/0677: Localisation of faults - H04L 41/064: {involving time analysis} - H04L 41/12: Discovery or management of network topologies - H04L 41/22: comprising specially adapted graphical user interfaces [GUI] - Y04S 40/00: Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS ## Abstract A method for identifying automatically an inner node within a hierarchical network causing an outage of a group of leaf nodes at the lowest hierarchical level, the method including providing an outage state matrix representing an outage state of leaf nodes at the lowest hierarchical level; decomposing the state matrix into a first probability matrix indicating for each inner node the probability that the inner node forms the origin of an outage at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network and into a second probability matrix indicating for each leaf node at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network the probability that an inner node forms a hierarchical superordinate node of the respective leaf node at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network and evaluating the first probability matrix to identify the inner node having caused the outage of the group of leaf nodes. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for identifying automatically an inner node within a hierarchical network causing an outage of a group of leaf nodes at a lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing an outage state matrix representing an outage state of leaf nodes at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network; (b) decomposing the outage state matrix into a first probability matrix indicating for each inner node of the hierarchical network the probability that the respective inner node forms an origin of an outage at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network and into a second probability matrix indicating for each leaf node at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network the probability that an inner node forms a hierarchical superordinate node of the respective leaf node at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network; and (c) evaluating the first probability matrix to identify the inner node having caused the outage of the group of leaf nodes. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the hierarchical network is a hierarchical power supply network. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the hierarchical power supply network comprises at its lowest hierarchy level leaf nodes formally smart meters generating event data streams indicating a current outage state of the leaf nodes of the hierarchical power supply network. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein the generated event data streams are supplied to a processing unit which derives the outage state matrix from the received event data streams. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein each event data stream generated by a smart meter forming a leaf node of the hierarchical power supply network consists of event data triples. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method according to claim 5, wherein each event data triple of an event data stream comprises: a timestamp indicating a time when an event is detected; a smart meter identifier identifying the smart meter generating the respective event data stream; and an event identifier identifying an event type of the respective event. ### Claim 7 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the outage state matrix derived from event data streams is a two-dimensional matrix, wherein a first dimension of the outage state matrix represents time and wherein a second dimension of the outage state matrix represents smart meters forming leaf nodes at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical power supply network. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7, wherein each column of the outage state matrix represents a state of a respective smart meter at particular points in time and wherein each row of the outage state matrix represents states of all smart meters at a particular point in time. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7, wherein the outage state matrix is a binary state matrix, wherein a first logic value indicates that the respective smart meter is in the outage state at a particular point in time; and wherein a second logic value indicates that the respective smart meter is not in the outage state at a particular point in time. ### Claim 10 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein event data streams generated by smart meters forming leaf nodes at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical power supply network are transmitted continuously or periodically via a data network to a remote controller comprising a processing unit which derives the outage state matrix from the received event data streams and stores the derived outage state matrix a memory unit for further processing. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein a network topology of the hierarchical network is output via a user interface. ### Claim 12 An apparatus for identification of an inner node within a hierarchical network causing an outage state of a group of leaf nodes at a lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network, the apparatus comprising: (a) a memory unit adapted to store an outage state matrix representing an outage state of leaf nodes at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network; and (b) a processing unit adapted to decompose the stored state matrix into a first probability matrix indicating for each inner node of the hierarchical network the probability that the respective inner node forms the origin of an outage at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network and into a second probability matrix indicating for each leaf node at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network the probability that an inner node forms a hierarchical superordinate node of the respective leaf node at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical network; wherein the decomposed first probability matrix is evaluated by the processing unit to identify the inner node having caused the outage of the group of leaf nodes. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A network controller of a network comprising an apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the processing unit of the network controller is adapted to derive the outage state matrix from event data streams received from smart meters of the hierarchical network. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A hierarchical power supply network comprising the network controller according to claim 13, wherein the hierarchical power supply network comprises at its lowest hierarchical level leaf nodes formed by smart meters adapted to generate event data streams indicating a current outage state of the leaf nodes of the hierarchical power supply network. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The hierarchical power supply network according to claim 14, wherein the event data streams generated by smart meters forming the leaf nodes at the lowest hierarchical level of the hierarchical power supply network are transmitted via a data network to a data interface of the network controller of the hierarchical power supply network. ### Claim 16 A network controller of a hierarchical power supply network, the network controller comprising a processing unit adapted to process an outage state matrix derived from event data streams received from smart meters of the hierarchical power supply network to identify automatically an inner node of the hierarchical power supply network having caused an outage of a group of leaf nodes of the hierarchical power supply network formed by smart meters.