# US 2018/0323734 A1 · Power tool with electric motor and auxiliary switch path

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- Number: US 2018/0323734 A1
- Document ID: US20180323734A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 16/033,659
- Filed: 2018-07-12
- Published: 2018-11-08
- Earliest claimed: 2014-12-19
- Assignees: Black & Decker Inc.
- Applicants: Black & Decker Inc.
- Inventors: Pradeep M. Pant; Michael K. Forster; Scott J. Eshleman; Samuel G. Woods; Timothy J. Seeley; Mark T. Cherry
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180323734A1

## CPC

- H02J 7/575: {Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit}
- H01M 50/247: specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
- H02J 7/02: for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J 7/04: Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J 7/751: {concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries}
- H02J 7/94: in response to battery current
- H02J 7/96: in response to battery voltage
- H02K 7/145: {Hand-held machine tool}
- H02M 7/125: {Avoiding or suppressing excessive transient voltages or currents}
- H02M 7/219: in a bridge configuration
- H02P 6/085: {in a bridge configuration}
- H02P 6/28: Arrangements for controlling current (H02P6/10 takes precedence)
- H02P 23/26: Power factor control [PFC]
- H02P 25/14: Universal motors (H02P25/12 takes precedence)
- H02P 27/08: with pulse width modulation
- H02P 29/024: Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
- H02P 29/0241: {the fault being an overvoltage}
- H02P 29/032: Preventing damage to the motor, e.g. setting individual current limits for different drive conditions
- H01M 2220/30: Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
- H02J 2207/20: Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H02K: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (dynamo-electric relays H01H53/00; conversion of DC or AC input power into surge output power {H03K3/53})
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A power adapter for use with a power tool having an electric motor, and configured to supply electric power from an alternating current power supply to the power tool, is provided. The adapter includes a housing and an auxiliary capacitor circuit housed within the housing. The auxiliary capacitor circuit includes an auxiliary capacitor, a switch in series with the auxiliary capacitor, and a switch control circuit. A state of the switch creates either a charging path for the auxiliary capacitor or both the charging path and a discharging path for the auxiliary capacitor, and the switch control circuit is configured to detect voltage associated with the power supply or the power tool and to control state of the switch in accordance with magnitude of the detected voltage.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A power adapter for use with a power tool and configured to supply electric power from an alternating current power supply to the power tool, wherein the power tool includes an electric motor, the power adapter comprising:
a housing; and
an auxiliary capacitor circuit housed within the housing and including an auxiliary capacitor, a switch in series with the auxiliary capacitor, and a switch control circuit, wherein a state of the switch creates either a charging path for the auxiliary capacitor or both the charging path and a discharging path for the auxiliary capacitor, and the switch control circuit is configured to detect voltage associated with the power supply or the power tool and to control state of the switch in accordance with magnitude of the detected voltage.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The power adapter of claim 1, wherein the switch control circuit includes a sensing circuit and a comparator, the sensing circuit is configured to detect the voltage across at least one of a DC bus provided in the power tool and the auxiliary capacitor, and the comparator compares the voltage detected with a predetermined threshold and outputs a signal to the switch to control the state of the switch.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The power adapter of claim 2, wherein:
the sensing circuit includes a voltage divider that is electrically coupled to the comparator and is configured to electrically couple to the DC bus, and
the comparator includes a transistor and a diode, the diode is configured to electrical couple between the DC bus and the emitter of the transistor, the base of the transistor is coupled to the voltage divider, and the collector of the transistor is coupled to the switch to control the state of the switch.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The power adapter of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more terminals electrically coupled to the auxiliary capacitor circuit and configured to connect to an interface provided on the power tool, wherein with the terminals connected to the interface of the power tool, the auxiliary capacitor and the switch form an auxiliary switch path that is electrically coupled across a DC bus of the power tool, and the switch control circuit is electrically coupled to the DC bus for detecting the voltage along the DC bus.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The power adapter of claim 1, further comprising:
a rectifier configured to receive an alternating current from the alternating current power supply and operable to convert the alternating current to a rectified current supplied to a DC bus; and
a DC bus capacitor electrically coupled in parallel with the rectifier, wherein the capacitance of the DC bus capacitor is less than capacitance of the auxiliary capacitor.

### Claim 6

A system comprising:
a power tool including: a first housing, an electric motor disposed in the first housing, a first power supply interface configured to receive an alternating current (AC) from an AC power supply, a rectifier configured to receive the alternating current from the power supply interface and output a rectified signal supplied to a direct current (DC) power bus, and a switching arrangement having a plurality of motor switches connected electrically between the DC power bus and the electric motor and operable to deliver electric power from the DC power bus to the electric motor; and
a power adapter including: a second housing different from the first housing, a second power supply interface couplable to the first power supply interface of the power tool to supply alternating current to the power tool, and an auxiliary capacitor circuit housed within the second housing and including an auxiliary capacitor, wherein coupling of the second power supply interface to the first power supply interface electrically connects the auxiliary capacitor across the DC power bus of the power tool.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein the first power supply interface includes an AC terminal for receiving alternating current from an AC power supply, and a DC terminal for receiving direct current from at least one battery pack.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The system of claim 7, wherein the DC terminal of the first power supply interface bypasses the rectifier and is electrically coupled to the DC bus line.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the second power supply interface includes an AC terminal for providing alternating current to the power tool through the AC terminal of the first power supply interface, and an auxiliary terminal that couples to the DC terminal of the first power supply interface to electrically connect the auxiliary capacitor across the DC bus line.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein the auxiliary capacitor circuit of the power adapter further comprises:
a switch in series with the auxiliary capacitor, and
a switch control circuit, wherein a state of the switch creates either a charging path for the auxiliary capacitor or both the charging path and a discharging path for the auxiliary capacitor, and the switch control circuit is configured to detect voltage associated with the power supply or the power tool and to control state of the switch in accordance with magnitude of the detected voltage.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10, wherein the switch control circuit includes a sensing circuit and a comparator, the sensing circuit is configured to detect the voltage across at least one of a DC bus provided in the power tool or the auxiliary capacitor, and the comparator compares the voltage detected with a predetermined threshold and outputs a signal to the switch to control the state of the switch.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein:
the sensing circuit includes a voltage divider that is electrically coupled to the comparator and is configured to electrically couple to the DC bus, and
the comparator includes a transistor and a diode, the diode is configured to electrical couple between the DC bus and the emitter of the transistor, the base of the transistor is coupled to the voltage divider, and the collector of the transistor is coupled to the switch to control the state of the switch.

### Claim 13 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein the power tool further comprises a DC bus capacitor electrically coupled in parallel with the rectifier, wherein the capacitance of the DC bus capacitor is less than capacitance of the auxiliary capacitor.