# US 2018/0321432 A1 · Display With Holographic Angle-of-View Adjustment Structures > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2018/0321432 A1 - Document ID: US20180321432A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/809,891 - Filed: 2017-11-10 - Published: 2018-11-08 - Earliest claimed: 2017-05-04 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Jean-Jacques P. Drolet; Jonathan S. Steckel - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180321432A1 ## CPC - G03H 1/0244: {Surface relief holograms (replicating hologram without interference recording G03H1/0276)} - G02B 1/002: {made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials} - G02B 5/32: Holograms used as optical elements - G02F 1/133504: {Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements (associated to illuminating devices G02F1/133606)} - G02F 1/134309: {characterised by their geometrical arrangement} - G03H 1/0005: {Adaptation of holography to specific applications (holographic optical element G02B5/32; holographic scanner G02B26/106; recognition using holographic mask G06V10/88; holographic memories G11B7/0065, G11C13/042)} - H10K 59/122: Pixel-defining structures or layers, e.g. banks - H10K 59/35: comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels - H10K 59/876: {comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair} - H10K 59/879: {comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses} - G02F 1/133507: {Films for enhancing the luminance} - G02F 1/133562: {on the viewer side} - G02F 1/134345: {Subdivided pixels, e.g. for grey scale or redundancy} - G02F 2202/36: Micro- or nanomaterials - G03H 2001/0088: {for video-holography, i.e. integrating hologram acquisition, transmission and display} - G03H 2001/0212: {Light sources or light beam properties (G03H1/06, G03H1/24 take precedence; corresponding details, see subgroups of G03H2222/00)} - G03H 2001/0216: {Optical components (G03H2001/0224, G03H1/0256 take precedence; corresponding details, see subgroups of G03H2223/00)} - H10K 59/65: OLEDs integrated with inorganic image sensors - H10K 59/8792: {comprising light absorbing layers, e.g. black layers} - G03H: HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS (holograms, e.g. point holograms, used as ordinary optical elements G02B5/32; producing stereoscopic or other three-dimensional effects G02B30/00; diffraction-grating systems G02B27/44; systems using moiré fringes G02B27/60; optical logic elements G02F3/00; stereo-photography G03B35/00; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes G03C; {stereo-photographic or similar processes G03C9/00}; apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials G03D; analogue computers performing mathematical operations with the aid of optical elements G06E3/00; authentication by radiation, of concealed information carried by holograms or diffraction gratings G06K19/16; holographic storage G11B7/0065, G11C13/04; {stereoscopic or other three dimensional effects in television systems H04N13/00}) - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS - H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES ## Abstract A display may have an array of pixels. Each pixel may have a light-emitting diode such as an organic light-emitting diode or may be formed from other pixel structures such as liquid crystal display pixel structures. The pixels may emit light such as red, green, and blue light. An angle-of-view adjustment layer may overlap the array of pixels. During operation, light from the pixels passes through the angle-of-view adjustment layer to a user. The viewing angle for the user is enhanced as the angular spread of the emitted light from the pixels is enhanced by the angle-of-view adjustment layer. The angle-of-view adjustment layer may be formed from holographic structures recorded by applying laser beams to a photosensitive layer or may be formed from a metasurface that is created by patterning nanostructures on the display using printing, photolithography, or other patterning techniques. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A display, comprising: an array of pixels configured to display images; and a uniform holographic angle-of-view adjustment layer without individual holographic elements that overlaps the array of pixels and that includes holographic structures configured to enhance an angle-of-view associated with the images. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1 wherein the pixels comprise liquid crystal display pixels. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1 wherein the pixels comprise light-emitting diodes. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The display defined in claim 3 wherein the light-emitting diodes include crystalline semiconductor dies. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The display defined in claim 3 wherein the light-emitting diodes are resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1 wherein each pixel includes at least one thin-film transistor and includes an organic light-emitting diode having a metal layer that forms an anode and a metal layer that forms a cathode. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The display defined in claim 6 wherein each organic light-emitting diode is a resonant cavity light-emitting diode. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The display defined in claim 7 wherein each resonant cavity light-emitting diode has a full-width-half-maximum spectral width of 10-30 nm. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The display defined in claim 8 wherein the holographic structures comprise red light holographic structures configured to redirect red light, green light holographic structures configured to redirect green light, and blue light holographic structures configured to redirect blue light. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The display defined in claim 9 wherein the resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes include red light-emitting diodes configured to emit red light, green light-emitting diodes configured to emit green light, and blue light-emitting diodes configured to emit blue light. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The display defined in claim 10 wherein the uniform holographic angle-of-view adjustment layer is a single photosensitive layer that extends across the pixel array. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The display defined in claim 11 wherein the holographic structures of the photosensitive layer comprises holographic structures recorded using a plane wave reference beam and plane wave signal beams at multiple respective angular orientations with respect to the photosensitive layer. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The display defined in claim 11 wherein the holographic structures of the photosensitive layer comprise holographic structures recorded using laser beams with different respective wavelengths. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The display defined in claim 11 wherein the holographic structures of the photosensitive layer comprise holographic structures recorded using at least one non-plane-wave laser beam. ### Claim 15 A display, comprising: an array of pixels configured to display images, wherein each pixel includes a resonant cavity organic light-emitting diode; and an angle-of-view adjustment layer that overlaps the array of pixels and that includes holographic structures configured to enhance an angle-of-view associated with the images. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The display defined in claim 15 wherein the resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes include red resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes configured to emit red light, green resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes configured to emit green light, and blue resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes configured to emit blue light, wherein the holographic structures include red holographic structures that are configured to redirect red light emitted from the red resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes without redirecting the emitted green light and without redirecting the emitted blue light and that overlap the red resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes, the green resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes, and the blue resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The display defined in claim 16 wherein the holographic structures include green holographic structures that are configured to redirect green light emitted from the green resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes without redirecting the emitted red light and without redirecting the emitted blue light and that overlap the red resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes, the green resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes, and the blue resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes, ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The display defined in claim 17 wherein the holographic structures include blue holographic structures that are configured to redirect blue light emitted from the blue resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes without redirecting the emitted red light and without redirecting the emitted green light and that overlap the red resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes, the green resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes, and the blue resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes. ### Claim 19 A display, comprising: an array of pixels configured to display images, wherein the pixels include red resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes configured to emit red light, green resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes configured to emit green light, and blue resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes configured to emit blue light; and a holographic layer overlapping the array of pixels, wherein the holographic layer includes green holographic structures that are configured to redirect green light emitted from the green resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes without redirecting the emitted red light and without redirecting the emitted blue light and that cover the red resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes, the green resonant cavity organic light-emitting diodes, and the blue resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The display defined in claim 19 further comprising: a light-based component that is overlapped by the array of pixels and the holographic layer, wherein the holographic layer has portions that serve as couplers that are configured to couple light into the holographic layer to guide the light in the holographic layer and that are configured to couple light out of the holographic layer, and wherein light associated with the light-based component passes through the portions.