# US 2018/0321180 A1 · Site specific chemically modified nanopore devices

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- Number: US 2018/0321180 A1
- Document ID: US20180321180A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 15/984,158
- Filed: 2018-05-18
- Published: 2018-11-08
- Earliest claimed: 2011-04-12
- Assignees: Electronic Biosciences, Inc.
- Applicants: Electronic Biosciences, Inc.
- Inventors: Eric N. Ervin; John J. Watkins; Geoffrey A. Barrall
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180321180A1

## CPC

- G01N 27/3278: {involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanogaps or nanoparticles (nanopores G01N33/48721; magnetic beads G01N27/745)}
- G01N 33/48721: {Investigating individual macromolecules, e.g. by translocation through nanopores (Coulter counters in general G01N15/12; fabrication methods for nanoscale apertures B81B1/00; sequencing of nucleic acids C12Q1/68)}
- G01N 33/54393: {Improving reaction conditions or stability, e.g. by coating or irradiation of surface, by reduction of non-specific binding, by promotion of specific binding}
- G01N 33/551: the carrier being inorganic
- B82Y 15/00: Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES

## Abstract

Provided are site specific chemically modified nanopore devices and methods for manufacturing and using them. Site specific chemically modified nanopore devices can be used for analyte sensing and analysis, for example.

## Claims

### Claim 1

(canceled)

### Claim 2

A method for detecting the presence, absence, amount or property of an analyte, comprising:
contacting a sample that may comprise an analyte with a nanopore device under conditions in which the analyte, if present in the sample, is captured in a sensing region of the device, wherein the nanopore device comprises:
a channel of nanometer dimensions comprising a proximal opening, a distal opening and an interior sidewall surface or surfaces; and
analyte binding molecules, that can specifically bind to an analyte, attached to an interior sidewall surface or surfaces of the channel; whereby the analyte binding molecules form a sensing region in the channel;
applying pressure across the channel, wherein the pressure is positive and/or negative pressure; and,
measuring a property of the sensing region, whereby the presence, absence, amount or property of the analyte in the sample is determined by a change in the property of the sensing region.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the pressure is positive pressure.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the pressure is negative pressure.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the pressure is applied after analyte, if present in the sample, binds to the analyte binding molecules.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the property of the analyte is a kinetic parameter.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the property of the analyte is the on-rate of binding, the off-rate of binding, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 8 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the property of the analyte is its concentration.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the kinetic parameter is the off-rate.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein an increase in pressure increases the off-rate.

### Claim 11 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the property of the sensing region measured is ion conductance.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the change in ion conductance is measured as a function of time.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, comprising measuring a change in ion current rectification by a process comprising measuring the ion conductance at two or more voltages that are of opposite voltage bias polarities.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein the change in ion current rectification is measured as a function of time.

### Claim 15 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the kinetic parameter is binding time and applying pressure decreases the binding time.

### Claim 16 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein applying pressure assists in release of analyte from an analyte binding molecule.

### Claim 17 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein applying pressure resets the device for another analyte binding event.

### Claim 18 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein pressure is applied to one side of the channel or to both sides of the channel.

### Claim 19 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein pressure is applied in a direction toward the proximal opening of the channel and/or in a direction toward the distal opening of the channel.