Electromagnetic relay

An electromagnetic relay comprising:

• a fixed contact;
• a movable contact movable between a first position at which the movable contact contacts the fixed contact to form a closed state, and a second position at which the movable contact does not contact the fixed contact to form a opened state;
• an electromagnet that includes a coil, a magnetic core, and a yoke coupled to the magnetic core, and generates magnetic field;
• and
• an actuator that includes a pair of armatures, and a permanent magnet sandwiched by the pair of armatures, and moves the movable contact by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet,
• wherein a magnetic circuit formed by the magnetic core, the yoke and the pair of armatures is closed at the opened state, and is opened at the closed state, and
• wherein the electromagnet is configured to generate
• a first magnetomotive force in a first direction that drives the actuator to move the movable contact toward the fixed contact, and
• a second magnetomotive force in a second direction that moves the movable contact away from the fixed contact.