Platform for a non-natural amino acid incorporation into proteins

A method of:

• (i) producing a complement of tRNAs suitable for translation of a protein comprising at least one non-natural moiety, said method including the step of substituting at least one tRNA that comprises an anticodon for a natural amino acid with at least one tRNA comprising the same anticodon reassigned to a non-natural moiety, wherein the complement of tRNAs is operable to facilitate translation of an RNA which comprises a codon corresponding to the anticodon that has been reassigned to the non-natural moiety whereby the translated protein may comprise any or all of the twenty natural amino acids;
• or
• (ii) producing a translation system suitable for translation of a protein comprising at least one non-natural moiety, said method including producing a complement of tRNAs comprising at least one tRNA that comprises an anticodon for a natural amino acid that has been reassigned to a non-natural moiety;
• and producing a transcribable RNA which comprises a codon corresponding to the anticodon that has been reassigned to the non-natural moiety, wherein the mRNA may be transcribed to produce a translated protein that may comprise any or all of the twenty natural amino acids;
• or
• (iii) producing a recombinant protein comprising at least one non-natural moiety, said method including the step of translating an mRNA which comprises a codon corresponding to an anticodon of a tRNA that has been reassigned to a non-natural moiety in a complement of tRNAs comprising at least one tRNA that comprises an anticodon for a natural amino acid that has been reassigned to a non-natural moiety, wherein the translated protein may comprise any or all of the twenty natural amino acids.

A composition of matter which is:

• (i) a composition comprising a complement of tRNAs suitable for translation of a protein comprising at least one non-natural moiety, said complement comprising at least one tRNA that comprises an anticodon for a natural amino acid reassigned to a non-natural moiety, wherein the complement of tRNAs is operable to facilitate translation of an RNA which comprises a codon corresponding to the anticodon that has been reassigned to the non-natural moiety whereby the translated protein may comprise any or all of the twenty natural amino acids;
• or
• (ii) a translation system suitable for translation of a protein comprising at least one non-natural moiety, said system comprising:
• a complement of tRNAs comprising at least one tRNA that comprises an anticodon for a natural amino acid that has been reassigned to a non-natural moiety;
• and a translatable mRNA which comprises a codon corresponding to the anticodon that has been reassigned to a non-natural moiety, wherein the mRNA may be transcribed to produce a translated protein that may comprise any or all of the twenty natural amino acids.