3d magnetic memory device based on pure spin currents

A method for writing into a magnetic storage bit “1” using a magnetic memory device, wherein the magnetic memory device comprises

• a plurality of magnetic reference bits formed of a plurality of magnetic nano-pillars, wherein each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars is capped with a high spin-hall angle heavy metal electrode layer, each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars includes a bottom layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material, the bottom layer is in contact with an intermediate layer of soft ferromagnet, the intermediate layer is capped with a top layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material;
• a plurality of magnetic storage bits formed of a plurality of magnetic nano-pillars in sub-micron dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars is capped with a long spin-diffusion length metal electrode layer, each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars includes a bottom layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material, the bottom layer is in contact with an intermediate layer of soft ferromagnet, the intermediate layer is capped with a top layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material;
• a plurality of stacks of two storage layers placed between two reference layers, wherein the reference layers comprising:
• a plurality of arrays of the magnetic reference bits wherein the magnetic reference bits are isolated by an insulation material from each other;
• a plurality of arrays of reference electrodes in contact with the arrays of the magnetic reference bits;
• the storage layers comprising:
• a plurality of arrays of the magnetic storage bits perpendicular to the arrays of the magnetic reference bits, wherein the magnetic storage bits are isolated by the insulation material from each other:
• a plurality of arrays of writing metal electrodes positioned between the reference layers and storage layers;
• a plurality of arrays of reading metal electrodes in contact with the arrays of the magnetic storage bits;
• the method comprising the steps of:
• selecting a writing metal electrode in contact with a magnetic storage bit to be changed, and a reference electrode in contact with a magnetic reference bit having a fixed magnetization direction and disposed on top of the magnetic storage bit,
• passing a current pulse from the writing metal electrode through the magnetic reference bit to the reference electrode, wherein spins of a current polarized by the magnetic reference bit diffuse into the writing metal electrode towards the magnetic storage bit and imposing a magnetization in the magnetic storage bit along the same direction with the spins.

A method for writing into a magnetic storage bit “0” using a magnetic memory device, wherein the magnetic memory device comprises

• a plurality of magnetic reference bits formed of a plurality of magnetic nano-pillars, wherein each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars is capped with a high spin-hall angle heavy metal electrode layer, each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars includes a bottom layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material, the bottom layer is in contact with an intermediate layer of soft ferromagnet, the intermediate layer is capped with a top layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material;
• a plurality of magnetic storage bits formed of a plurality of magnetic nano-pillars in sub-micron dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars is capped with a long spin-diffusion length metal electrode layer, each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars includes a bottom layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material, the bottom layer is in contact with an intermediate layer of soft ferromagnet, the intermediate layer is capped with a top layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material;
• a plurality of stacks of two storage layers placed between two reference layers, wherein the reference layers comprising:
• a plurality of arrays of the magnetic reference bits wherein the magnetic reference bits are isolated by an insulation material from each other;
• a plurality of arrays of reference electrodes in contact with the arrays of the magnetic reference bits;
• the storage layers comprising:
• a plurality of arrays of the magnetic storage bits perpendicular to the arrays of the magnetic reference bits, wherein the magnetic storage bits are isolated by the insulation material from each other:
• a plurality of arrays of writing metal electrodes positioned between the reference layers and storage layers;
• a plurality of arrays of reading metal electrodes in contact with the arrays of the magnetic storage bits;
• the method comprising the steps of:
• selecting a writing metal electrode in contact with a magnetic storage bit to be changed and a reference electrode in contact with a magnetic reference bit disposed on top of the magnetic storage bit having a fixed magnetization direction,
• passing a current pulse from the reference electrode through the magnetic reference bit to the writing metal electrode, wherein spins of a current that are polarized in the opposite direction with the magnetic reference bit are scattered off the magnetic reference bit towards the magnetic storage bit and impose a magnetization in the magnetic storage bit along the same direction with the spins.

A method for reading out information of a magnetic storage bit using the magnetic memory device, wherein the magnetic memory device comprises

• a plurality of magnetic reference bits formed of a plurality of magnetic nano-pillars, wherein each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars is capped with a high spin-hall angle heavy metal electrode layer, each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars includes a bottom layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material, the bottom layer is in contact with an intermediate layer of soft ferromagnet, the intermediate layer is capped with a top layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material;
• a plurality of magnetic storage bits formed of a plurality of magnetic nano-pillars in sub-micron dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars is capped with a long spin-diffusion length metal electrode layer, each of the plurality of magnetic nano-pillars includes a bottom layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material, the bottom layer is in contact with an intermediate layer of soft ferromagnet, the intermediate layer is capped with a top layer of high spin polarization ferromagnetic material;
• a plurality of stacks of two storage layers placed between two reference layers, wherein the reference layers comprising:
• a plurality of arrays of the magnetic reference bits wherein the magnetic reference bits are isolated by an insulation material from each other;
• a plurality of arrays of reference electrodes in contact with the arrays of the magnetic reference bits;
• the storage layers comprising:
• a plurality of arrays of the magnetic storage bits perpendicular to the arrays of the magnetic reference bits, wherein the magnetic storage bits are isolated by the insulation material from each other:
• a plurality of arrays of writing metal electrodes positioned between the reference layers and storage layers;
• a plurality of arrays of reading metal electrodes in contact with the arrays of the magnetic storage bits;
• the method comprising the steps of:
• selecting a reading metal electrode in contact with a magnetic storage bit to be read out and a reference electrode in contact with a magnetic reference bit disposed on top of the magnetic storage bit,
• passing a current pulse from the reference electrode to the reading metal electrode wherein the current pulse yields a high or a low resistance value depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic reference bits and magnetic storage bits,
• detecting resistance of the magnetic bits,
• determining a binary state of each memory element by comparing the resistance with a predetermined reference value if the resistance is higher or lower than the reference value and;
• if the resistance is lower than the reference value, determining information on the magnetic storage bit as “1”,
• if the resistance is higher than the reference value, determining information on the magnetic storage bit as “0”.